amusement

Ikan puyu untuk dijual..

2010-05-13T18:41:00.002+03:00

Assalamualaikum wbt,
stok ikan puyu dalam kuantiti yg banyak untuk dijual. sebarang pertanyaan tentang harga,penghantaran dan partnership possibility boleh hubungi nombor berikut:

0148427178 - En. Fahmizan Bin Husain

towards the end

2010-04-19T13:37:00.002+03:00

beberapa bulan lagi saje, insyaAllah. bait2 yg selalu bermain dalam fikiran aku.hampir 7 tahun aku di perantauan. akhirnya, insyaAllah, bulan jun ini aku dijangka tamat pengajian. berakhir satu fasa dalam hidup aku. setelah sekian lama bergelar pelajar, akhirnya aku akan bergelar pekerja plak. rata2 mengatakan sebenarnya, segala-gala akan bermula, bukan sudah berakhir. rata-rata mengatakan betapa peritnya zaman bekerja, betapa indahnya zaman belajar. tidak aku nafikan, zaman belajar memang indah. tanyalah sesiapa sahaja, itulah yang akan kita dengar. 99.9%. sangat jarang mengatakan zaman bekerja indah. entah mengapa?? mungkin zaman belajar kita tidak dipertanggungjawabkan. tugas kta hanya belajar. tidak menanggung beban. entahlah. mungkin benar...

Influenza A punye angkara

2009-11-03T19:28:00.003+02:00

Salam. Hari ni hari kedua kami dapat cuti...tibe2 je kn paksa cuti. x best. walaubagaimanepun, ianya untuk kebaikan semua. hm...sepanjang 3 hari ukraine mengumumkan kepada dunia yang selsema babi dh sampai sini, dh 71 org mati. semalam statistic menunjukkan sebanyak 81,000 kes ILI (influenza like illnesses). hari ni xde statistic plak. ubat2 plak takde, face mask habes.

dan mase2 kuarantin macam ni la rase kebosanan yang amat...3 minggu. dalam mase 2 hari dh rase cam seminggu cuti...dah habis website aku lawati. memborong kt ebay, beli tiket flight balik, tido sepanjang hari, membaca, etc2XXX. tak tau ape dah. harap hari esok lebih baik.

Catatan Perjalanan....Bahcisaray

2009-10-15T12:54:00.009+03:00

2 minggu lepas, aku, mashkur & isteri serta beberapa muslimat telah melawat sebuah keluarga saudara muslim kita di Bahcisaray. Perjalanan dari Simferopol ke Bahcisaray mengambil masa selama 2 jam menaiki 'elektrichka' (literally mean electric train). MasyaAllah, kagum dengan semangat mereka dalam menegakkan agama dengan golongan yang jahil...Kedatangan kami disambut dengan tangan terbuka. Muslimat bersama isteri tuan rumah beraktiviti disekitar kawasan rumah, manakala aku dan mashkur keluar mendaki Bahcisaray Cliff. Wah penat, tapi berbaloi. bila tiba di puncak bukit, penat kami hilang.
melihat kawasan Stariy Gorod(old city) dari puncak bukit mmg mendamaikan.

nilah bukit yang kami daki...

lagi gambar dari sudut lain

Agak lama juga kami di Bahcisaray. Muslimin dilayan oleh anak2 tuan rumah, Osman dan Abdul Majid. Alhamdulillah, kesedaran Islam didalam keluarga ini agak tinggi. Osman dan Abdul Majid bersungguhsungguh belajar membaca al-quran, solat 5 waktu. Terharu betul dengan hospility keluarga ni...erm...sedih pun ada gak masa nak balik ke Simferopol. Walaupun baru aje berkenalan, tapi terasa seperti kami dh berkurun kenal..haha. InsyaAllah jika diberi kesempatan aku pasti datang lagi. buat osman sekeluarga, semoga Allah memberkati anda, diberi nikmat dan ganjaran yang tak putus2. of course the best part is lunch, pilav home-made by bitay (babulya, grandma) is best. 5 stars aku bagi for their hospitality....

Ini lah dia Osman...

Kaifuyem...aku Abd Majid dan osman di Kafe 'Karavan Saray'

penat panjat bukit..

Mashkur n me on the hilltop

Lagi kaifuyem...

perlu bantuan...

2009-09-20T19:31:00.002+03:00

salam...
sempena dengan kedatangan syawal ini saya sebagai tuan rumah menyusun sepuluh jari memohon ampun dan maaf kepada semua yang singgah di blog ana yg dh lama tak update...sibuk..
buat pengetahuan sume, saya telah pn selamat kembali ke simferopol yang aman permai nih...dan paling syok, kembali sebagai pelajar tahun akhir...ahaha, mcm x percaya je
di kesempatan ini, saya juga nk mintak tolong sape2 yg tahu cara nak dapat tiket murah dari ist-kul 2 ways...hehe. pertolongan anda amat saya alu-alu kan.
tq

Den pobedy...9 maya

2009-05-09T23:23:00.002+03:00

salam..fast update. today is den pobedy (victory day). hari ussr sacked out fascist army from therr home land. selamat bercuti pada member2 kt CIS countries. and congrate to sixth year students. good luck for your krok

exam mode...activated (already?)

2009-04-30T21:01:00.003+03:00

Assalamualaikum...
lama tak menjengah blog ni. sibuk. sebagai ad-hoc program grand dinner Kelab Umno Ukraine, dan Sambutan delegasi terengganu baru2 ni. Bole la bernafas sket. tp, after this ada programme takraw plak, anjuran GAMTET. guess what?? aku tersenarai lagi sebagai board...ya Allah, berat tul la ujian.
Exams are just around the corner. lebey kurang sebulan lebih je lagi. hm..quite heavy, we have 5 exams this semester. Selamat la O&G dh lepas, kalau tak...depress. anyway, the 5 subjects are: Internal Medicine (Hospital Therapy)
Surgery (Hospital Surgery)
Pediatric (Hospital Pediatric)
Infectious Diseases
Social Medicine

we've shocked by nasty comments from a doctor about our uni. my stand about this matter: that doctor was right. he has right to make statements (demokrasi la katakan) and he critisised his interns who are realy useless and harmfull to the nation (who graduated from my uni and russia). people trust their life to a person they called 'doctor'. A doctor should be a person who is trustworthy, capable, intelligent, wise and the most important do no harm (even here the same principle "лечит, не бредит " - treat, do no harm ) for me, this is a wake-up call for us. . a warn that a lousy intern wont be accepted in malaysia (shouldn't be accepted not only in malaysia, but anywhere). POTS himself look quite depressed with his interns. i'm quite depressed too with the statement, but i take it as a challenge. YES, to POTS, keep commenting. you make me study harder and I respect you...and i swear by god that i wont be as lousy as your interns are. thank POTS

2009-03-11T02:43:00.004+02:00

Hari ni...aku ada exam. Ophthalmology. Ini bukanlah satu subjek yang aku gemari. tapi it's a must know thing ( aku rase sume subjek yg aku amek must know subject...so no escape). setakat ni aku baru habiskan glaucoma, disorder of eye refraction, anatomy n physiology of eye, colour blindness and cases study.
exam bagi aku adalah satu benda yang tak menyeronokkan. erm mmg tak best, esp bile exam tu datang mengejut (macam kena acute M.I). mula lah sweating, tremor and byk lagi neurological symptoms..anyway perjuangan mesti terus..haha

BTW, ni nk promo sket. sape2 yang nak beli tiket flight (turkish airlines, Malaysia airlines, aerosvit, KLM etc) from simferopol to any destination (esp malaysia), anda boleh menghubungi saya. special price disediakan bagi student. contact: +380637583931

Tanpa tajuk

2009-02-08T04:18:00.002+02:00

Aku gemar dengan gambar ini...apa kaitan ianya dengan tulisan aku?

Bertemu Lagi…

Assalamualaikum wbt…

Decided to update this blog setelah mengabaikannya sekian lama. Erm…segala tension, pressure, depression dan ‘gila’ yang disebabkan oleh exam tempoh hari, telah pun aku buang jauh-jauh. Jauh sehingga tak nampak dek pandangan mata, tak tercari dan tak terdengar oleh sang telinga.

Semester baru dah pun bermula. Aku dah selamat pun menghabiskan 2 cycle academic aku; Battlefield (Military) Medicine dan Hospital Surgery (kenapa dipanggil hospital surgery, aku sendiri kurang pasti!). Sekarang aku sedang belajar management of surgical patient in battlefield (cycle Battlefield Surgery). Hmm…kursus-kursus ini nampak ‘cool’ bagi sesetengah medical student, tapi bagi aku ianya menyeksakan, kerana kurangnya rujukan dalam bahasa inggeris, apatah lagi dalam bahasa melayu, langsung tiada rasanya.

Oh ya, selepas tamat peperiksaan lepas, aku bercuti selama hampir 1 bulan. Tak ke mana pun, cuma duduk sahaja di bilik. Cuba untuk membaca beberapa buku yang aku pinjam dari perpustakaan.

Beberapa peristiwa menarik berlaku semasa cuti semester tempoh hari, antaranya ialah Majlis angkat sumpah President Amerika Syarikat Barrack Hussein Obama, Krisis gas di Eropah, Peristiwa President Bush dilontar dengan kasut dan sebagainya. Aku juga kehilangan seorang bapa saudara aku…meninggal akibat Kanser Hati (hepatocellular carcinoma). Aku agak bersedih dengan pemergian adik ayah aku ini. Aku Cuma mampu pohonkan doa bagi roh arwah..

Cepat betul masa berjalan! Sudah enam tahun aku merantau di bumi Ukraine ini. Mencari ilmu dan insyaAllah akan pulang berbakti untuk nusa tercinta. Aku harus admit, banyak perkara yang telah aku belajar dan tempuhi dalam tempoh jangkasa itu. Banyak benda yang mengajar aku tentang kehidupan, yang baik, yang buruk, hitam putih dan banyak lagi….Aku masih punya masa. Semoga Allah mudahkan jalan aku, berkati rezeki aku….insyaAllah Amin

Sabtu Lagi...Final Exam aku & Fakta nombor..

2009-01-02T23:42:00.005+02:00

Speculum (zerkala)

Stethoscope

Inilah senjata rahsia aku untuk exam kali ni...

dan ini juga..

Fakta nombor

Exam date - 13 Januari 2009 (10 hari lagi tuh)
Jumlah peperiksaan - 1 sahaja (mcm senang aje)
Semester - 09 (3 more to go..)
Exam- Obstetrics & gynecology
Jumlah chapter untuk di'cover -

Obstetric - 33 chapters
Gynecology - 20 chapter
Overall - 53chapters

6. Jumlah soalan -

Obstetric -109
gynecology - 128
jumlah - 237 - (mcm susah aje).

7. Jumlah soalan yang di 'cover' setakat jam 00:00; 3 Jan 2009 - <20 (sompat ke ni??)
8. Jumlah soalan yang ditanya oleh examiner - 6 (3obs & 3gyne) - tidak termasuk soalan extra susah!
9. Jumlah masa yang diperuntukan untuk menjawab soalan -

25 min -preparation
oral- ikut suka examiner...

Ya Allah, mudahkanlah, jangan disusahkan. Bantulah saudara2 kami di Ghaza, terimalah kesyahidan mereka, amin

BodyArts

2008-12-16T19:06:00.008+02:00

Museum

Chess

Archery

BasketBall...slamdunk!!

soccer

Sabtu lagi...METRO

2008-12-13T23:48:00.002+02:00

Hari ni aku bangun agak lambat...dkt2 kul 9. Al-maklumlah, cuti umum. mmg patut kite bercuti, ye tak?? Tapi aku hari ni jadi juara bagi kategori bangun terawal. Kena otrabotka (rework) cardiology daa.. Aku terlambat..
Lepas abes otrabotka, aku terus balik. nak ke Metro hypermarket. Yang tersohor tu. Hm boleh tahan. Harga agak murah. Aku actually, takde plan pun nak shopping, tapi dek kerana geram ngan harga yang murah tu, aku habiskan duit belanja bulan disember aku. Hampeh, ikat perut pas ni..tak best.

Petang tadi aku plan nak joinaktiviti masyarakat, sambutan raya haji kat masjid university. Hampeh, aku tertido..argh..terlepas makan kari kambing. Pening kepala den. Maybe sebab tido lama sangat kot.
Malam...sebagai seorang pelajar yang rajin, aku menyiapkan kes report aku (actually report tu aku patut hantar sebulan setengah yang lepas!!), salin lectures (pelajar yang rajin datang lecture tak perlu salin lecture) and study O&G...Adoi tak gemarnya aku kt subjek yang satu ni. Tapi ape2 hal, exam just around the corner...Gambatte.

Kad Raya dr Jordan..

2008-12-07T01:45:00.002+02:00

Syukran jazilan buat saudara anap atas kad raya ni...Ala ko baru 4 tahun raya kt ctu, aku dh 6 tahun...huhu sedey. Anyway, thanx beribu2 lemon!! ini kadnye:-

Selamat Berpuasa Arafah

2008-12-06T19:55:00.002+02:00

اللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَر ، لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَاللهُ أَكْبَر أللهُ أَكْبَر وَِللهِ الْحَمْدُ . اللهُ أَكْبَر كَبِيْرًا وَالْحَمْدُ ِللهِ كَثِيْرًا وَسُبْحَانَ اللهِ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيْلاً ، لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللهً وَلاَ نَعْبُدُ إِلاَّ إِيَّاهُ مُخْلِصِيْنَ لَهُ الدِّيْنَ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْكَافِرُوْن . لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَحْدَهُ ، صَدَقَ وَعْدَهُ ، وَنَصَرَ عَبْدَهُ ، وَأَعَزَّ جُنْدَهُ ، وَهَزَمَ اْلأَحْزَابَ وَحْدَهُ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَاللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ وَللهِ الْحَمْدُ

صوم يوم عرفة يكفر سنتين ماضية ومستقبلة وصوم يوم عاشوراء يكفر سنة ماضية-
(رواه الجماعة إلا البخاري والترميذي)

Maksudnya :
Puasa hari arafah dapat menghapuskan dosa dua tahun yang telah lepas dan akan datang, dan puasa Assyura menghapuskan dosa setahun yang lepas.

Selamat berpuasa arafah

Sabtu Lagi

2008-11-30T12:36:00.002+02:00

Post ini sepatutnya aku endorse kan semalam, but for some reason it was delayed. Senalam juga aku dapat satu berita sedih dari Malaysia. Ayah su aku disahkan menghidap Hepatoma (Hepatocellular carcinoma) & Hepatitis A. Aku harap keluarga ayah su sabar menghadap dugaan Allah. Aku bercakap dengan ayah aku, ape yang confirmkan diagnosis hepatoma tu? briefly abah cakap dalam blood die ada α-fetoprotein, disamping the present of tumour marker cell dan cacexia...

Sebagai seorang anak saudara, aku tentu berasa sedih. Walaupun kami taklah berapa rapat, tapi dia tetap bapa saudara aku yang hormat. Dengan anak2 dia, boleh laa dikatakan rapat juga. Ayah su ni seorang yang mudah didekati dan dibawa berbincang. Mungkin kerana kerjayanya sebagai seorang guru menyumbang kearah itu. Keluarga ayah su agak besar. Beliau mempunyai 12 orang anak dan 2 isteri. Aku betul2 berharap yang penyakit ayah su curable. Aku juga berharap mak su & cu, kedua-dua bersabar dan tabah dengan ujian Allah Dari jauh aku hanya mampu berdoa…..

HOLODOMOR...The Ukrainian Genocide

2008-11-22T21:29:00.004+02:00

The Holodomor ( Голодомор) is the name given to the famine that took place in Soviet Ukraine in the 1932-1933 agricultural season, as part of a wider famine which took place in other regions of the USSR. The famine was caused by the food requisition actions carried by Soviet authorities. The Holodomor is considered one of the greatest national catastrophes to affect the Ukrainian nation in modern history where millions of inhabitants of Ukraine died of starvation in an unprecedented peacetime catastrophe. Estimates for the total number of casualties within Soviet Ukraine vary between 2.2 million and up to 14 million .

The reasons for the famine are a subject of current scholarly and political debate: there is no international consensus among scholars or politicians on whether the famine was specifically an unintended consequence of the economic problems associated with radical economic changes implemented during the period of Soviet industrialization or whether the Soviet policies that caused the famine were designed as an attack on the rise of Ukrainian nationalism . As of March 2008, the Berkhovnaya Rada (parliament of Ukraine) and several governments of other countries have recognized the actions of the Soviet Government as an act of genocide.

Holodomor...another episode of holocaust. A dark moment of humanitarian history

The joint declaration at the United Nations in 2003 has defined the famine as the result of cruel actions and policies of the totalitarian regime that caused the deaths of millions of Ukrainians, Russians, Kazakhs and other nationalities in the USSR. In 2008 the European Parliament has recognized the Holodomor as a crime against humanity.

Joseph Stalin...the mastermind

The famine of 1932-1933 followed the assault on Ukrainian national culture that started in 1928. The events of 1932-1933 in Ukraine were seen by the Soviet Communist leaders as an instrument against Ukrainian self-determination. At the 12th Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine , Moscow-appointed leader Pavel Postyshev declared that "1933 was the year of the defeat of Ukrainian nationalist counter-revolution."This "defeat" encompassed not just the physical extermination of a significant portion of the Ukrainian peasantry, but also the virtual elimination of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church clergy and the mass imprisonment or execution of Ukrainian intellectuals, writers and artists.

By the end of the 1930s, approximately four-fifths of the Ukrainian cultural elite had been "eliminated". Some, like Ukrainian writer Mykola Khvylovy, committed suicide. One of the leading Ukrainian Bolsheviks,Mykola Skrypnyk, who was in charge of the decade-long Ukraininzation program that had been decisively brought to an end, shot himself in the summer of 1933 at the height of the terrifying purge of the CP(b)U. The Communist Party of Ukraine, under the guidance of state officials like Kaganovich, Kosior, and Pavel Postyshev, boasted in early 1934 of the elimination of "counter-revolutionaries, nationalists, spies and class enemies". Whole academic organizations, such as the Bahaliy Institute of History and Culture, were shut down following the arrests.

In the 1920s, the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC) had gained a significant following amongst the Ukrainian peasants due to the Soviet policy of weakening the position of the Russian Orthodox Church. Nonetheless, in the late 1920s the Soviet authorities closed thousands of parishes and repressed the clergy of the Ukrainian Orthodox church. By 1930 the church was taken off the Soviet Registry and the NKVD made sure that it did not exist unofficially.

Ukrainian music ensembles had their repertoires severely restricted and censored. Foreign tours by Ukrainian artists were canceled without explanation. Many artists were arrested and detained often for months at a time without cause. After not receiving any pay for many months, many choirs and artistic ensembles such as the Kiev and Poltava Bandurist Capellas ceased to exist. Blind traditional folk musicians known as kobzars were summoned from all of Ukraine to an ethnographic conference and disappeared.

Repression of the intelligentsia occurred in virtually all parts of the USSR. Despite the assault, education and publishing in the republic remained Ukrainianized for the years to come.

In 1935-36, 83% of all school children in the Ukrainian SSR were taught in Ukrainian even though Ukrainians made up about 80% of the population. In 1936 from 1830 newspapers 1402 were in Ukrainian, as were 177 magazines, in 1936 69 104 thousand Ukrainian books were printed.

Sabtu lagi...

2008-11-22T21:07:00.008+02:00

Entah dah berapa minggu aku mula kelas..tapi yang aku perasan dah 2 bulan lebih. Sabtu cam biasa, hambar. Takde aktiviti-aktiviti yang bermanfaat.
Aku keluar tadi pagi, pergi tolong en Azmi angkat barang ke flat baru dia. Lepas tu kami dijamu dengan mee goreng (spaghetti goreng). Thank Azmi n wife. Wah, si Haikal tu dah besar ar...Walaupun tak de lah besar cam aku, tapi dh besar sket dari tahun lepas...heheh. Kata Azmi haikal dah hampir 2 tahun...cepat mase berlalu. Dh boleh bercakap dah budak tu. dan yang best nye Haikal boleh faham bahasa Tatar coz nanny, auntie Redzie die org tatar
Balik kebilik, aktiviti aku ialah main ps2. Hambar, aku kalah beberapa kali dengan Azad...bagi 'can' ah...budak2.

Aku dan Haikal...BBQ GAMTET 2008

Malam...roomate aku sume pegi main futsal...aku tinggal sorang2 kat bilik. Cadangan aku nak study O&G. Al-maklumlah, exam lagi sebulan lebih. Buka buku..aduh tak menarik betul isi kandungan buku tu. Naik berpinau mata aku tengok huruf2 dalam buku tu...isk2 tak bole jadi, aku buka net and tengok buletin utama...tu memang hobi aku. tak nak tertinggal dengan berita2 utama kat Malaysia...erm ok, i guess that it is. cukup lah.

Angin Ahmar...

2008-11-19T00:27:00.008+02:00

Actually aku dh tidur. Sajer nak tido awal. Esok cycle baru bermula, professional diseases. Tiba-tiba tidur aky terganggu oleh suara2 'speaker' kawan2 aku yang duk Q&A sesama sendiri. Aku tengok jam. Kul 1.00am. Hampeh btol la budak2 ni. spoil tido aku ajer.

Telinga aku menangkap satu topic yang cukup menarik perhatian aku. angin ahmar. Kawan aku si A bertanya kepada si B. Begini soalannya " seorang pelajar Malaysia di Yaman mengadu kepada doctor. Komplen2 nya adalah seperti berikut, Tachycardia (degupan jantung yang tinggi), sweating, then, ada paralysis. yang peliknya paralysis ni lasts only for three days then hilang. So, bila balik si student ni pun pergilah jumpa doctor kt spital. Your first impression ialah:

So si B ni trylah bagi jawapan2 nya; TIA(transient ischemic attack), stroke; aa...maybe heart diseases. Setelah berbeta dengan suara yang meng iritate kan gegendang aku, akhirnya si B ni mengalah. Ape jawapannya? so si A ni pun cakap: Hypokalaemic neuropathy. Aku pun baru first time dengar. Hm..terang dia..selepas consultation, pesakit ni sekali lagi mengalami episode yang sama. So si doctor ni pun di panggil la kerumah. Suntikan Kalium (Pottasium) diberi dan kesan nya, paralysis tu hilang. OoooO..begitu ker,

Then budak B ni pun cakap" Eh, korang tau tak yang angin ahmar ni sejarahnya bermula semasa zaman Nabi Sulaiman a.s?" begini ceritanya (cerita ini aku copy and paste dari sebuah web hidayahnet)

SEJARAH ANGIN AHMAR

Penyakit angin ahmar ialah penyakit mati sebahagian badan yang
biasanya datang secara tiba-tiba dan sukar pula diubati.
Walaubagaimanapun dengan rahmat Allah SWT kepada hamba-hambanya maka melalui Nabi Muhammad SAW, umat Islam dikurniakan doa yang sangat mustajab dan besar faedahnya bagi menjauhi penyakit tersebut.

Penyakit angin ahmar ini mempunyai sejarahnya tersenderi, telah ada
semenjak zaman Nabi Sulaiman AS. Semasa baginda mengadap segala rakyatnya termasuk segala jin, manusia dan binatang, tiba-tiba baginda merasa bangga diri. Dalam hatinya berkata siapakan makhluk allah yang tidak mahu tunduk kepadanya.
Seketika itu juga menjelma satu makhluk seperti lembaga manusia ang
besar, gagah, hebat serta garang. Nabi Sulaiman AS terkejut dan mengeletar lalu bertanya kepada lembaga itu siapakah dia dan
mengapa ia datang.

Lembaga itu menjawab bahawa dia adalah Ar-Raihul Ahmar(Angin Ahmar) iaitu penyakit yang amat berbahaya dari lain-lain penyakit. Ia di beri kuasa untuk mendatangkan kesakitan kepada anak cucu Adam, termasuk boleh memersap ke dalam urat saraf, darah dan otak seseorang sehingga hilang akal.

Nabi Sulaiman AS segera mengarah panglima-panglimanya agar membunuh
Ar-Raihul Ahmar itu, namun lembaga itu menjawab bahawa tiada sesiapa makhluk yang boleh membunuhnya, lalu segera menghilang.

Angin Ahmar masih ada hingga zaman Nabi Muhammad SAW dan pada hari
ini. Pada zaman Nabi Muhammad SAW, cucu baginda iaitu Saidina Hassan bin Ali pernah terkena penyakit rongga dan keluar darah.

Ketika itu, turun Malaikat Jibril memberitahu bahawa Hassan terkena
penyakit Angin. Lalu baginda bertanya adakah ubat penawarnya. Jibril menjawab 'ada' lalu ghaib. Sebentar kemudian kembali
memberitahu Rasulullah bahawa Allah SWT telah mengurniakan doa mustajab bagi sesiapa yang membacakannya walaupun sekali seumur hidup.

Baginda pun membaca doa ini, lalu Saidina Hassan pun sembuh Baginda
menganjurkan kepada para sahabat agar mengajarkan doa ini kepada umat Islam yang lain.

Kepada mereka yang terkena penyakit Angin Ahmar, hendaklah berusaha
mengamalkan doa ini seberapa kerap, terutamanya selepas solat. Sesetengah ulama menulis doa ini dengan dakwat pada mangkuk
atau pingan putih, kemudian di basuh dengan air lalu sebahagiannya di sapu pada anggota yang terkena penyakit tersebut.

قُل هُوَ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا هُدًى وَشِفَاءٌ ۖ

“Katakanlah Muhammad, ” Bagi segenap orang-orang yang beriman Al-Qur’an menjadi petunjuk dan juga ubat. ”(QS.Fushshilat:44)

Wallahu a'lam

2008-11-16T11:16:00.005+02:00

Tak de idea nak menulis. Tp gagahkan diri juga untuk menulis. Actually tg kebosanan. Nak buat case report (dh 4 minggu aku delay), aku takde pulak detail pasal patient aku. Si Arab kelas aku janji nak bagi detail, last2 dia bagi tau aku, tulis aje ape yang engkau nak. What the hell!! Ni namanya nak merosakkan rakan sebaya. Argh, tension.

Jam menunjukkan jam 11.18a.m. Budak2 dalam bilik ni masih melelapkan mata. Aku dah bangun lebih awal, kira2 jam 6.00a.m. Tunang aku telefon. Katanya on the way balik kampung, Pasir Puteh dengan adik ongsunya, Zahid. Wish you selamat tiba.

Semalam aku dijamu dengan BBQ. Roomate aku organise. untuk birthday mimi. Lepas lecture ECG, aku bergegas ke BBQ spot kt belakang 5th hostel.Sejuk dowh. aku rase semalam suhu mencecah +4°C. Sejuk...betul2 sejuk. Anyway, ayam panggang+coleslaw+mash potato+sos mexicano (modified)+black pepper sauce memang mantap. Thanx to member2 yang bertungkus lumus menjayakan program semalam and special thanx to Mohammad Taufik kerana kesudian belanja kami makan free semalam. Jazakallah!

Lecture ECG semalam memang kembali kepada asas. Yelah, mane tak nye diorang jemput pensyarah physiology (department pre-clinical; 2nd year) Adoi, tak termampu aku nk ingat balik semua mechanism of electric activity dalam heart muscle and etc. Adoih, tapi takpe, at least aku punyer memory refreshed. Thanx to the organiser.

So, as a conclussion aku dapat 2 benda semalam. Refreshed ECG (basic ECG) dan kenyangkan perut aku dengan ayam panggang. Malam langsung tak produktif. Aku lepak2 aje sambil main ps and internet. Sungguh hampeh

Malaysia vs Ukraine

2008-11-10T09:10:00.003+02:00

Ni bukan perlawanan bola sepak, cuma perbandingan perbezaan antara Malaysia dan Ukraine. erm...Where do we start...

1 Geography
Malaysia- South East Asia
Ukraine- Eastern Europe

2. Language
Malaysia - Bahasa Melayu (I Refuse to recognise Bahasa Malaysia!!), English
Ukraine - Ukrainian Language, Russian Language, Crimean-Tatar Language

3. Religion
Malaysia- Islam
Ukraine - Christian Orthodox

4. Currency
Malaysia - Ringgit Malaysia (RM)
Ukraine - Ukrainian Hryvnia (UAH)

5. Capital
Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur
Ukraine - Kyiv

Lain-lain....yang tak ilmiah...
+Orang Malaysia (melayu) suka mandi, tapi ukrainian mandi seminggu sekali.
+Orang Malaysia suka makan pedas2, tp orang ukraine tak makan bawang pun!!
+Orang Malaysia sangat baik dan beradab, orang Ukraine sangat barbaric dan tak ada adab langsung!!
+Kat Malaysia xde snow, Kat UKraine snow sampai 4-5 bulan (sejok dowh)
+Kat Malaysia ada durian, ciku, rambutan etc etc, kat Ukraine ada strawberry, raspberry, peach, apricot....buah rambutan lagi sedap
+kat Malaysia Doctor sangat berkuasa dalam hospital, kat Ukraine Doctor kena marah ngan makcik cleaner...kesian
+kat Malaysia bel barang dapat plastik, kt Ukraine plastic pun kena beli

dan banyak lagi sebab-sebab yang buat aku rasa nak balik Malaysia sekarang dan tak mau pergi mane2...

Sakitnya Mati...bersediakah kita?

2008-11-08T09:57:00.005+02:00

Terbaca pos dalam laman tranungkite. Laman ni merupakan salah satu laman must-read aku. Tiap-tiap hari akan aku baca ape yang dipaparkan. hari ni, aku terjumpa satu sisipan yang buat aku terfikir. Mati
Bilakah saat kematian, bagaimana, dan dimana kita berada saat sang izrail mencabut nyawa kita. Saat itu, hilanglah segala keegoan, pangkat darjat, harta kekayaan, anak pinak, isteri-isteri dan segala-galanya. Pendek kata, sendiri tanpa berbekal apa pun. Yang tinggal adalah amal jariah dan sedekah yang kita lakukan.

"Apabila wafatnya anak adam, maka 3 perkara yang ditinggalkannya:-

1. Sedeqah jariah
2. Ilmu yang bermanafaat
3. Anak2 yang soleh yang mendoakan untuk kedua ibu bapa

Bersediakah kita wahai saudaraku?

"Allah merahsiakan saat kematian kita, adalah untuk melihat sejauh mana kita melaksanakan amalan yang telah ditetapkan kepada kita dan sedalam mana pula kita meninggalkan larangannya. Manusia yang hatinya sentiasa ingatkan mati, akan melaksanakan tugas yang telah diamanahkan kepadanya dengan lebih jujur, bersungguh-sungguh dan ikhlas untuk mendapat keredhaan Allah.

Manusia begini sentiasa merasai setiap tingkah lakunya diperhatikan oleh Allah SWT. Dan ia juga mengetahui setiap tanggungjawab dan amanah yang dipikul akan ditanya satu persatu oleh Allah di akhirat kelak.

Kesakitan bila nyawa dicabut oleh malaikatul maut tidak dapat dibayangkan sama sekali. Walau bagaimanapun Rasulullah mengingatkan tentang mati dan keseksaannya, maka sabda Baginda: Iaitulah sakitnya tiga ratus kali tetakan pedang." Bayangkanlah jika kita ditetak atau dipukul dengan kayu, rotan mahupun besi bukan banyak, cuma sekali saja, itupun sudah tidak dapat digambarkan kesakitannya. Inikan pula ditetak dengan tiga ratus tetakan.

Bayangkanlah sendiri. Cuba kita tanggalkan pula kuku daripada isinya, pastinya sakit tidak tertahan. Daging disiat-siat dan dilapah hidup-hidup, dahaga yang amat sangat sehingga air lautan di dunia ini tidak mampu menghilangkannya. Semuanya ini cuma secebis dari perbandingan kesakitan maut, malah beribu-ribu kali lebih sakitnya daripada itu. Oleh itu, untuk meringankan keseksaan roh ketika dicabut oleh malaikat maut,maka digariskan beberapa amalan tertentu yang perlu diamalkan.

Antaranya, sebelum tidur:
1) Bacalah surah Al-Ikhlas 3X
2) Selawat ke atas Nabi
3) Membaca tasbih Amalan harian: Sentiasa membaca Al-Quran Memelihara solat terutama solat fardu Menghormati (jangan bercakap) waktu azan diperdengarkan Membaca tasbih Membanyakkan sedekah Sentiasa berzikir menyebut Allah.

Amalan yang perlu dijauhi:
1) Dusta
2) Khianat
3) Mengadu domba
4) Kencing berdiri Sabda Rasulullah saw yang bermaksud: "Bersuci kamu sekalian dari buang air kecil kerana sesungguhnya kebanyakkan seksa kubur itu dari sebab buang air kecil.

" Pada suatu hari malaikatul maut datang untuk bertemu dengan Nabi Idris as lalu Nabi Idris meminta agar malaikatul maut mencabut nyawanya dan kemudian Allah menghidupkannya kembali. Permintaan ini dilakukan untuk Nabi Idris as mengetahui kesakitan sakaratul maut agar taqwanya lebih mendalam dan teguh lagi. Maka Allah memberikan wahyu kepada malaikatul maut supaya mencabut nyawa nabi Idris dan dia meninggal ketika itu juga.
Malaikatul maut menangis dan memohon kepada Allah supaya Dia (Allah) menghidupkan kembali Nabi Idris lalu dimakbulkan Allah. Setelah di dapati Nabi Idris as sudah hidup kembali, malaikatul maut bertanya: "Ya saudaraku, bagaimana rasanya kesakitan maut?"

Jawab Nabi Idris: "Sesungguhnya jika dibandingkan sakit terkelupasnya kulit dalam keadaan hidup-hidup dan rasa sakit menghadapi maut adalah 1000 kali sakitnya." Kata malaikat maut: "Sesungguhnya saya melakukan dengan secara berhati-hati dan tidak kasar apabila mencabut nyawa engkau itu dan belumlah pernah aku lakukan terhadap seseorang pun."

Dirawayatkan lagi bahawa Nabi Isa as telah menghidupkan beberapa orang yang telah mati dengan keizinan Allah. Maka sebahagian orang kafir berkata: "Sesungguhnya engkau telah menghidupkan orang-orang yang telah mati yang masih baru, yang mungkin mereka itu belum benar-benar mati. Maka cuba hidupkan untuk kami orang yang telah mati seperti zaman yang awal dulu.

" Kata Nabi Isa as: "Cubalah kamu pilihkan?" Mereka berkata: Hidupkanlah untuk kami anak Nabi Nuh as (Sam bin Nuh)." Maka Nabi Isa as pergi ke kuburnya, lalu mengerjakan solat dua rakaat dan berdoa kepada Allah. Dan Sam bin Nuh dihidupkan kembali, tetapi rambut dan janggutnya sudah beruban. Nabi Isa as hairan kenapa jadi begitu.

Berkata Sam bin Nuh:
"Saya telah mendengar panggilanmu dan saya mengira hari kiamat telah tiba, maka rambut dan janggut saya berubah menjadi putih seperti ini dari sebab takutnya hari kiamat. Berkata Nabi Isa as: "Sudah berapa tahun kau meninggal dunia?" Kata Sam: "Semenjak 4000 tahun lalu dan masih belum hilang sakit dari sakaratul maut.""

(From tranungkite)

Young woman with Hepatitis

2008-11-07T13:19:00.004+02:00

Sekarang aku cycle kt 7th hospital, department of infectious diseases. kelas aku kt tingkat satu, betul2 sebelah bilik2 patient yang HIV positive. Mak ai, nak kuar gi toilet pn takut. patient2 tu pandang kat aku semacam aje. oh tidak....aku diberi patient untuk di clerk. first time aku jumpe patient tu, aku dh dah agak yag die ni ada Hepatitis. Yelah kuning semacam aje. patint aku ni umurnya 23thn, dh kahwin ada anak sorang. masa inspection aku ada nampak kesan kelar kt tangan die, aku tanya apesal. dia refuse to eveal the true story. The worse thing, she also had kesan lebam2 kat tangan yang aku agak cause of parenteral drug usage (IVDU). Patient ni merokok and alcoholic.

Clinical Vignette:-

Patient Eugenia (not real name) come to department of infectious disease, 7th hospital with complaint of yellowish of skin, abdominal discomfort. She mention that 1 week before, she had flu, temperature 38'C. Flu and fever subsided as she took "Terraflu"(symptomatic treatment). The patient had C-section for the delivary of her first daugther 3 years ago, and blood transfusion during the operation. 4 month ago, patient visited dentist for tooth extraction.
On examination, she look pale and jaundice. No enlargement of tonsils, white patches on the tongue. Lungs auscultation reveal crepitation, no ronchi. Axillary temperature recorded - 37'C.
Heart sound is rhytmic, S1S2, no murmur. On palpation, abdomen is tender on the right epigastric region. Liver enlarged (size 9x11x11- Kurlov's), spleen enlarged. no masses palpable in intestines. Symptom Pasternaskiy negative on both kidneys.
Plan: CBC, Urine FEME, LFT, ELISA, AlAT, Billirubin, Plasma Glucose (patient refuse liver biopsy)

the results came back yesterday. ELISA show :

HAV IgM -
HBeAg +
HBsAg +
HBcAG IgM +
HCVAb IgM +

Conclusion: Acute Viral Hepatitis B, Jaundice stage

Sedih, mude lagi dh kena Hep. ape nak buat....so kerja aku sekarang ialah prescribe the medication

Regime: stationary
Diet: 5a
Detoxication: Phillip's solution, 'Trisol' (three salts)
Hepatoprotector: Carsil
Vitamins: A,B,C,E

Hari Baru

2008-11-02T12:50:00.003+02:00

Assalamualaikum...
Esok isnin...maknanya aku kena ke kelas. Esok mula cycle baru, Infectious diseases. kat 7th hospital, maknanya kena bangun awal and tunggu mashrootka. kul 6.45 dh kena gerak. kalau tak, ternganga ajelah tengok mashrootka tu lalu depan mata.
Hari ni aku plan nak settlekan case history. dh hampir 4 minggu pending. confirm aku akan terima hadiah dari pensyarah aku, yang juga merangkap vice-dean aku. terpaksalah tebalkan telinga ni. sape suruh bertangguh. bertangguh...tak menjadi. benar sungguh.
terbaca entry daripada link kt blogroll. pasal binatang huraish..menakutkan. mohon pada Allah agar aku bukanlah salah seorang yang dicari huraish. Mohon pada Allah, semoga iman ditingkatkan, mohon pada Allah agar diberi ilmu yang bermanfaat, mohon pada Allah diberi kesihatan dan kelapangan. mohon pada Allah diampunkan dosa...amin

KISAH BINATANG YANG BERNAMA HURAISY

Dikisahkan dalam sebuah kitab bahawa apabila tiba hari Qiamat nanti maka akan keluar seekor binatang dari neraka Jahannam yang digelar Huraisy, yang mana panjangnya ialah jarak antara Langit dan Bumi dan lebarnya pula dari Timur hingga ke Barat.

Apabila ia keluar maka malaikat Jibril a.s berkata, "Wahai Huraisy, kamu hendak ke mana dan kamu hendak mencari siapa?"

Lalu berkata Huraisy : "Aku mencari lima jenis orang ."

1. Orang yang tidak mengerjakan solat.

2. Orang yang tidak mahu mengeluarkan zakat.

3. Orang yang menderhakai kedua orang tuanya.

4. Orang yang suka minum arak.

5. Orang yang sangat suka bercakap-cakap dalam masjid hal dunia.

Sahabat-sahabat yang dirahmati Allah sekalian. Cuba kita fikir adakah mesej di atas sampai ke pengetahuan muslimin dan muslimat di Malaysia ini? Apa peranan kerajaan BN dalam memastikan orang Islam di Malaysia tidak termasuk di kalangan Binatang Huraisy kehendaki? Rasanya para Menteri sendiri yang Huraisy inginkan.

Jadi, saya menyeru kepada orang Islam seMalaysia agar mengambil kesempatan dengan nyawa yang ada sekarang termasuklah para Menteri agar dapat membetulkan keadaan dengan menunaikan Amanah dengan sebaiknya. Ditambah pula mempergiatkan Kempen Mencegah Maksiat, Kempen Solat, Kempen Tutup Aurat, Kempen Haram Arak dan Kempen Cintakan Akhirat. Jangan duk asyik sibuk kempen Jaga Alam Sekitar, Kempen Bertani dan kempen-kempen lain yang tidak ada pentingnya.

Sama-samalah kita orang Islam membuat perubahan...

(post dari link shamatun)

kepada saudara Faiz, thank for nasi lemak pagi tadi. Murah dan sedap. berbaloi. moga Allah lapangkan pintu rezeki saudara.

MAS vs Air Asia

2008-11-01T23:54:00.010+02:00

Tavrey Aviacompany

Thai International Airways

Aeroflot Russian Airlines

Gulf Air

Air Asia

Turkish Airlines

Malaysia Airlines..kebanggaan rakyat Malaysia

assalamualaikum...
dalam sibuk2 aku search tiket balik summer nnt, terjumpe plak entry akhi2 kt jordan pasal 2 national flag carrier ni. satu tambang murah, satu tak murah sangat.
pada aku la, aku lebih prefer fly dengan Malaysia Airlines. sebabnya? mestilah Malaysian Hospitality ya, bg kawan2 kt middle east, mereka biasa fly ngan gulf punye carriers. aku plak, dgn eastern europe punye flight yg mcm nk terhempas tu. ha..aku pernah fly ngan aeroflot n tavrey airlines. lepas tu terus aku taubat nasuha. tak mau dh naik flight diorg. mintak ampun. dengan stewardess yg rude, tak ckp english, old aircraft, makanan yg entah pape tah, check in yg langsung x efficient dan transit yg unorganised etc. siap lost luggage lagi. terpaksa lagi aku bribe custom kt airport sbb nk suruh diorg trace bag aku cepat. hampeh
berbeza dengan flight kebanggaan aku, masuk aje aircraft...welcome sir..siap dengan senyuman lagi. makanan...mmg best. mmg ada tokoh world best cabin attandents, world best airlines. cuma yg problem nye...tak on-time...selain flight yg aku kira middle age lah.
dibandingkan dengan flight yg lain, turkish airlines pn aku minat gak. saban tahun aku naik THY ni. yah mmg setanding dengan MAS. Selain tu, aku pernah gak naik Gulf Air n Thai International. Air Asia tak lah pernah pulak aku naik. entah, tak berminat plak. mcm x confident plak nk naik.
Pada pendapat aku, mmg patut la skytrax bg MAS 5 stars. valued for money!! look forward to fly with MAS. Have a pleasent flight!!

October = hectic

2008-10-09T18:47:00.003+03:00

Agak lama gak aku x update blog ni. erm, busy, aku baru aje habis cycle pediatric endocrinology. agak tersentuh bila tengok kanak2 yang menderita penyakit endocrine ni. Dwarfism, turner syndrome, kleinefeilter syndrome, diabetis mellitus type 1, etc.
La ni dh habis dh sume tu. aku sekarang pindah ke department haematology plak. lagilah tak menarik pemandangannya. Acute leucosis (Leukemia), haemorrhagic vasculitis, haemophilia, thrombocytopenic purpura bukannya penyakit2 yang fun to deal with. sedih tengok kanak2 ni.
Agak2 university ni nak suruh aku jadi pediatrician kot. yelah, first diorg hantar aku ke Pediatric infectious department, then to pediatric endocrinology, tup2 ke haematology kt pediatric hospital. harap2 pas ni aku kena cycle adult plak. tak kisah lah ape2 pun. gynecology ker, therapy ke, what ever....
mood raya aku dh spoil habis. gara2 kena buat kerja yang agak banyak gak (takle banyak sangat actually). case report, night call, assignments dan yang paling menghuru harakan hidup aku adalah aku kena ganti balik 10 kelas yang aku miss. lebih kurang 50 jam. berbayar plak tu. lebih kurang EUR100. memang pokai aku bulan ni. tu la paedah yang aku dapat dari meng'extent'kan cuti summer aku. konon2nya nak puasa kt malaysia. padan muka..
Sem ni aku memilih untuk posting kat trauma hospital. nak cari pengalaman. yela, sebelum ni aku dh buat posting kt therapy department, obstetrics, and neurology. so, aku dh pun menghasut beberapa classmate aku untuk join. sorang2 bosan arr...

SELAMAT HARI RAYA

2008-10-02T12:20:00.001+03:00

عيد المبارك

كل عام وأنتم بخير

kembali ke bumi Ukraine....tak best!!

2008-09-19T22:47:00.002+03:00

setelah lama aku tak menjengah ke blog ini, akhirnya hari ni aku decided nk buat pos. hm...sem baru dh pun mula, dh3 minggu. aku dah miss 2 minggu. gara-gara nak berpuasa kt malaysia.
atas sebab itu aku terpaksa mengeluarkan belanja extra €100.00 untuk aku rework kelas.. hampeh, habes duit aku.
sem baru ni aku bermula agak perlahan. puasa kot. sedih, dh la miss first cycle aku, second cycle aku x leh score plak. lecturer tu bagi aku 3 aje...satisfactory yang aku x satisfy langsung. racist gile. hampeh x 1000.
minggu depan aku mule cycle baru. traumatology. siap ar...aku takkan bagi chance kali ni. pulun habis-habisan. lantak la org nak kato gapo, ambo x peduli. argh....

Penentuan

2008-06-26T03:49:00.006+03:00

Esok adalah segala-galanya. Esok adalah hari penentuan. erm...begitulah detik hati aku. Esok adalah hari terakhir aku exam. Paper terakhir aku, Pediatrics (kepada yang tak tau, pediatric= cabang perubatan yang berkenaan dengan kanak-kanak - so sila tahu!!). Ayo-ayo, rase-rasenye pediatric ni adalah salah satu cabang perubatan yang paling mencabar. Semua petunjuk makmal dalam disiplin pediatric ni berbeda, ikut tahap umur pesakit. contohnya, jumlah sel darah merah bagi bayi yang baru lahir, tentu sahaja tidak akan sama dengan yang berusia 3 tahun, apatah lagi dengan yang berusia 12 tahun.
Dalam aku sibuk menyiapkan diri aku untuk 'bertempur' dengan examiner esok hari, masih sempat aku mencuri waktu untuk update blog. wah2 senang nye hati ko. Ko ingat esok examiner tu nak bagi ko markah free. Kena tolak markah lagi adela...
Antara kemahiran-kemahiran yang akan diuji oleh examiner untuk disiplin pediatrics ini ialah..communication skill (ayo...ni yang susah, aku tak reti nak pujuk budak-budak), laboratory investigation, physical examination (inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation), additional method of investigation (ECG,EEG, X-Ray, etc)., disamping teori yang bersepah-sepah tu. erg...bukan setakat migraine, stroke pun bole kena.

Inilah senjata utama aku untuk masuk dalam exam!!

Haha....tapi seperti yang aku kata dulu, tiket balik aku tu beri perangsang. and doa kawan-kawan dan keluarga sentiasa jadi azimat buat aku. tak lupa gak, tunang aku yang tak jemu-jemu beri perangsang buat aku...:) Merci bien, spasiba!! dah le...bole sambung balik kot, sebelum aku assume aku punye jaga malam ni sia-sia. ops...special thank to Mr Dino Rizal yang sudi doakan aku tadi. love you dude.

Sayonara TURKIYE

2008-06-26T00:30:00.003+03:00

Perhitungan dah berlaku. Takdir Allah menentukan. Innalillah. Turkiye kalah. Tapi takpe mereka menang dengan proud. Ketua kedua-dua negara menonton perlawanan tadi, Angela Marker (germany) dan Presiden Abdullah Gul. Turkish played better than Germany. They deserve to win. Salute!!

2008-06-24T00:40:00.005+03:00

Syukur....lepas lagi 1 exam. Allah permudahkan urusan aku. Exam tadi adalah satu exam yang aku tak rasa cam exam. sepanjang hidup aku, psychiatry adalah satu exam yang aku rase paling senang. erm...apesal yek?
Demam serang menyerang kat blog bilik aku bermula. actually kitorg baru organise 1 blog yang dikendalikan oleh ahli2 bilik 402 & associate members. perang personaliti dan mempertahan personaliti masing-masing agak gah. hmmm...anda boleh join di tapak web ini: http://budak-budaksengal.blogspot.com. hm...lihatlah sendiri.
insyaAllah, hujung minggu ni akan berlangsung istiadat konvokesyen bagi senior2 kami. congrat bros...dah jadi doctor korang. jangan lupa doakan kami plak & hope you all success in future and selamat didera.
meanwhile aku plak tak sabar-sabar nak fly balik. eh...balik ke? ya Allah, aku dah nak balik m'sia...yay. ops...ada exam lagi satu plak dah. pediatric beb.#$#^$...pening-pening

Viva Espana!!

2008-06-23T00:30:00.003+03:00

Sorry topek...aku menang lg. hehe, spain dh menang beb!! chow

Mentism

2008-06-22T20:23:00.005+03:00

Psychiatry is a study of mental disorder and their diagnosis bla bla bla. ayo yo...betui ke esok exam? macam kurang je ilmu aku nk amik exam esok. sejak exam mula, dari paper therapy dulu, aku dah ada sume simptom neurology disorder seperti ataxia, adinamia, atetosis, and now when we going toward the psychiatry exam, aku ada plak simptom-simptom psychiatry...confabulation, fuga n transe, amnesia, apocalypses

Mental state during exam season...haha

etc..haha...naik berasap kepala aku study. takpe la, biar aku layan euro dulu malam ni. my team, of course Spain. aku ramalkan Spain akan jadi champion tahun ni. aku tak mau bet ngan sape2. aku dah kalah bet dengan roomate aku, yang mana aku terpaksa belanja budak gemok tu makan kat 5-star hotel bila sampai Malaysia nnt. I'm broke man!

Congratulation!!!

2008-06-21T00:33:00.002+03:00

I'm feeling very happy. Turkey won!! Hadi Turkiye!!

Rindu menggamit.

2008-06-20T22:21:00.006+03:00

Euro 2008...hehe

Alhamdulillah...till this time aku dah melalui 2 exam dengan selamat. syukur2...Exam yang seterusnya, psychiatry. tak berat sangat. bole la santai2 sikit.
Perasaan aku sekarang ni bercampur baur...antara study and excited nak balik malaysia. Rasa-rasanya balik Malaysia tu adalah salah satu motivasi buat aku, selain doa-doa dari kawan-kawan dan orang-orang yang menyayangi aku.
Hari ni aku off belajar...ni sume gara-gara euro...perlawanan malam ni turkey vs croatia. aku memang menyokong pasukan turkey ni...TURKIYE!! Kagum melihat semangat mereka, selain mereka saudara seislam. Bukan itu sahaja, aku memang sangat admire dengan bumi turkey itu sendiri. Istanbul, metropolitan yang aku dah banyak kali singgah. tanpa jemu. serius!! Bagi aku, Istanbul itu romantik, Istanbul memberi ketenangan dan buat aku menghayati dan mengagumi sejarah Islam. Bagaimana kegagahan empayar Uthmaniah di bumi eropah dan asia. kagum...

Istanbul...tunggu kedatangan aku....

InsyaAllah, dalam beberapa hari lagi aku akan menjejakkan kaki aku ke bumi Istanbul. dapat menghayati keindahan Selat Bosphorus, masjid biru, istana topkapi, menikmati keenakan makanannya dan keramahan penduduk bumi Istanbul. Selain itu, aku memang rindu terhadap keluarga aku, tersangat rindu. doakan akan kepulangan aku dan kejayaan aku dalam peperiksaan....

aku dh penat!

2008-06-15T14:25:00.006+03:00

Human Brain

Tinggal 2 hari sahaja lagi untuk aku seat for the exam...neurology. Betul-betul buat aku fatigue...badan aku, otak aku, segala-galanya. Dah meluat aku tengok buku tu..erg., boleh buat aku gila...argh....stress management...wooooosaaaa.
Macam-mana nak ingat nih, lesion of upper motor neuron, lower motor neuron, Chorea Huntington's ar...migraine ar, epilepsy aa...bla, bla, bla...ngeh2, Bole ker ni?

Typical Russian Student Brain....Betul ker??

Aura exam kat bilik 402 ni terganggu oleh kedatangan si Majid. Hampeh btol la, mentang-mentang la dia dah abis exam...kaco la plak...pecah mental...lepak beb. oklah, terpaksa la aku sambung blaja...chow

exam mood vs holiday mood

2008-06-14T02:01:00.006+03:00

Only polemic...don't take it serious!:)

Assalamualaikum...
Demam exam dh bermula...aku baru je abis first paper tadi...alhamdulillah, dimudahkan Allah. tak sia-sia usaha aku selama ini. x lupe terima kasih kepada mereka2 yang mendoakan aku dan beri tunjuk ajar. moga Allah balas budi kalian dengan sebaik-baik ganjaran. insyaAllah second paper akan menyusul dlm beberapa hari sahaja lg. paper yg kedua ni boleh tahan gak...neurology...hm...jawabnye lepas ni aku jadi Mc Dreamy la.

buat sahabat2 seperjuangan di CSMU...selamat berjuang

Walaupun busy dengan sessi peperiksaan, hati aku tetap teruja nk tunggu 28 hb ni...kenapa? of course la aku nk fly balik malaysia. transit 2 hari di Istanbul. aku dh terbayang-bayang aktiviti yg akan aku penuhi waktu term break kali ni...antara agenda utama aku ialah praktikal di HTAA, menghadiri undangan walimah kawan-kawan (walimah aku belum lg, korg suka buat gossip!), Sure khatan di setiu, and insyaAllah aku nk bercuti di tioman island....
oklah, jumpa lagi insyaAllah...

100 amazing medical facts of ur body...last part

2008-06-14T01:48:00.000+03:00

81. The length of your foot is the same as that of your forearm between your wrist and the inside of your elbow.

82. In 24 hours, the blood in the body travels a total of 12,000 miles - that's four times the width of North America.

83. The human gut contains about 1kg (2.2 lbs) of bacteria. In fact, there are more bacteria growing in and on the body than there are human cells.

84. Humans have more facial muscles than any other animal on earth - 22 on each side of the face.

85. Before their first birthday,average babies will have dribbled 255 pints of saliva. By the time they're two years old, they will have crawled 93 miles.

86. The human hand contains three main nerves, two major arteries and 27 different bones - more of the body is devoted to controlling the hands than any other part of the body.

87. In the average lifetime, we spend five years eating and we consume around 7,000 times our own weight in food.

88. When we go to sleep and enter REM (Rapid Eye Movement),our bodies become completely paralysed as areas of the brain that control movement are de-activated. It is this that stops us falling out of bed.

89. By the time a woman has reached her 60s, she will have released around 450 baby making eggs 90. When full, the human bladder can hold two pints of urine.

91. In a lifetime, a human being will grow six feet of nose hair and shed 42 lbs of dead skin.

92. A human being can look forward to having sex an average of 2,580 times with five different partners.

93. Skin can now be artificially grown.One amazing result of this is that the skin from one hand could be grown into enough to cover six football pitches.

94. There are 137 million light sensitive cells in the eye's retina and the fluid that fills the eye is changed 15 times a day.

95. Humans and dolphins are the only species that have sex for pleasure.

96. The average person falls asleep in seven minutes.

97. During your lifetime, you'll eat about 60,000 pounds of food, that's the weight of about 6 elephants!

98. In space, astronauts cannot cry, because there is no gravity, so the tears can't flow!

99. Your ribs move about 5 million times a year, every time you breathe!

100. Most dust particles in your house are made from dead skin!

100 amazing medical facts of ur body...part 3

2008-05-02T01:50:00.002+03:00

61. Our eyes never grow, and our nose and ears never stop growing.

62. The thumbnail grows the slowest; the middle nail grows the fastest

63. Children grow faster in the springtime.

64. Women blink nearly twice as much as men.

65. You can only smell 1/20th as well as a dog.

66. People are the only animals in the world who cry tears.

67. Every month you grow a brand new outer layer of skin..."a new you!".

68. In your very own lifetime, you'll produce enough spit to fill two swimming pools.

69. You breathe in about 7 quarts of air every minute. Good ! Air is cost free.

70. Your dad sweats enough each day to fill up a 6 pack of soda cans...and then some.

71. Every time you lick a stamp, you're consuming 1/10 of a calorie.

72. If you yelled for 8 years, 7 months and 6 days, you would have produced enough sound energy to heat one cup of coffee.

73. If you toot consistently for 6 years and 9 months, enough gas is produced to create the energy of an atomic bomb.
74. The human heart creates enough pressure when it pumps blood, that it could squirt blood 30 feet.

75. Banging your head against a wall uses 150 calories an hour.

76. On average people fear spiders more than they do death.

77. Americans on the average eat 18 acres of pizza every day.

78. Did you know that you are more likely to be killed by a champagne cork than by a poisonous spider?

79. Right-handed people live, on average, nine years longer than left-handed people do.

80. If you blink one eye you move over 200 muscles.

April Issue

2008-04-08T20:25:00.004+03:00

Sebagai menyokong usaha kempen blogger untuk pesakit dan keluarga pesakit Autism, insyaAllah, saya akan cuba mencari bahan2 (tentang autism) untuk dimuatkan dalam blog ini. sebarang bantuan 1st aid amat saya alu-alukan..

100 amazing medical facts of ur body...part 2

2008-04-03T22:29:00.000+03:00

21.There are more living organisms on the skin of a single human being than there are human beings on the surface of the earth.

22.From the age of thirty, humans gradually begin to shrink in size.

23.Your body contains enough iron to make a spike strong enough to hold your weight.

24.The surface area of a human lung is equal to that of a tennis court.

25.Most people have lost fifty per cent of their taste buds by the time they reach the age of sixty.

26.The amount of carbon in the human body is enough to fill about 9,000 'lead' pencils.

27.One square inch of human skin contains 625 sweat glands.

28.When you blush, your stomach lining also reddens.

29.The human body has less muscles in it than a caterpillar.

30.If you could save all the times your eyes blink in one life time and use them all at once you would see blackness for 1.2 years!

31.The life span of a taste bud is ten days.

32.It's impossible to sneeze with your eyes open.

33.Give a tennis ball a good, hard squee ze. You're using about the same amount of force your heart uses to pump blood out to the body.

34.The aorta, the largest artery in the body, is almost the diameter of a garden hose.

35.Capillaries, on the other hand, are so small that it takes ten of them to equal the thickness of a human hair.

36.Your body has about 5.6 liters (6 quarts) of blood. This 5.6 liters of blood circulates through the body three times every minute.

37.The heart pumps about 1 million barrels of blood during an average lifetime--that's enough to fill more than 3 super tankers.

38.Babies start dreaming even before they're born.

39.The human body can function without a brain.

40.Humans are the only primates that don't have pigment in the palms of their hands.

100 amazing medical facts of your body...part 3

2008-03-26T00:02:00.007+02:00

41. 10% of human dry weight comes from bacteria.

42. There is more bacteria in your mouth than the human population of the
United States and Canada combined .

43. Every square inch of the human body has an average of 32 million bacteria on it.

44. A fetus acquires fingerprints at the age of three months

45. You sit on the biggest muscle in your body, the gluteus maximus a.k.a. the butt. Each of the two cheeky muscles tips the scales at about two pounds (not including the overlying fat layer).

46. The tiniest muscle, the stapedius of the middle ear , is just one-fifth of an inch long.

47. The average human head weighs about 10 pounds.

48. The average human brain weighs three pounds.

49. The DNA helix measures 80 billionths of an inch wide.

50. Your eyeballs are three and a half percent salt.

51. Head lice actually prefer to live on clean heads, not on dirty ones.

52. If Barbie were life-size, her measurements would be 39-23-33. She would stand seven feet, two inches tall and have a neck twice the length of a normal human's neck.

53. It takes about 20 seconds for a red blood cell to circle the whole body.

54. An average human drinks about 16,000 gallons of water in a lifetime.

55. Beards are the fastest growing hairs on the human body. If the average man never trimmed his beard, it would grow to nearly 30 feet long in his lifetime.

56. Humans shed about 600,000 particles of skin every hour - about 1.5 pounds a year. By 70 years of age, an average person will have lost 105 pounds of skin.

57. It only takes 7lbs of pressure to rip your ear off.

58. When you sneeze, all your bodily functions stop - even your heart.

59. Human teeth are almost as hard as rocks.

60. You burn more calories sleeping than you do watching T.V.

100 amazing medical facts of ur body...part 1

2008-03-26T00:02:00.004+02:00

1.The average red blood cell lives
for 120 days.
2.There are 2.5 trillion (give or take) of red blood cells in your body at any moment. To maintain this number, about two and a half million new ones need to be produced every second by your bone marrow.That's like a new population of the city of
Toronto every second.

3.Considering all the tissues and cells in your body, 25 million new cells are being produced each second.That's a little less than the population of Canada - every second !

4.A red blood cell can circumnavigateyour body in under 20 seconds.

5.Nerve Impulses travel at over 400 km/hr (25 mi/hr).

6.A sneeze generates a wind of 166 km/hr (100 mi/hr), and a cough moves out at 100 km/hr (60 mi/hr).

7.Our heart beats around 100,00 times every day.

8.Our blood is on a 60,000-mile journey.

9.Our eyes can distinguish up to one million colour surfaces and take in more information than the largest telescope known to man.

10.Our lungs inhale over two million litres of air every day, without even thinking. They are large enough to cover a tennis court.

11.We give birth to 100 billion red cells every day.

12.When we touch something, we send a message to our brain at 124 mph

13.We exercise at least 30 muscles when we smile.

14.We are about 70 percent water.

15.We make one litre of saliva a day.

16.Our nose is our personal air-conditioning system: it warms cold
air, cools hot air and filters impurities.

17.In one square inch of our hand we have nine feet of blood vessels, 600 pain sensors, 9000 nerve endings, 36 heat sensors and 75 pressure sensors.

18.We have copper, zinc, cobalt,calcium, manganese, phosphates, nickel and silicon in our bodies.

19.It is believed that the main purpose of eyebrows is to keep sweat out of the eyes.

20.A person can expect to breathe in about 40 pounds of dust over his/her lifetime.

What Medical Specialty Is For You?

2008-03-21T17:16:00.000+02:00

The medical specialty for you is.... Cardiology

Cardiology is the best of all specialties. As a cardiologist, you'll be sure to profit from the sharp increase in obesity. You'll open at clinic across the street from a McDonalds and retire a billionaire.

To find out what specialty best fits your unique personality, go to:

What Medical Specialty Is For You?

Angota Kabinet Malaysia 2008

2008-03-18T14:23:00.000+02:00

senarai penuh nama anggota kabinet malaysia yang baru.

Perdana Menteri : Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
Timbalan Perdana Menteri: Datuk Seri Najib Razak

JABATAN PERDANA MENTERI
Menteri : Tan Sri Bernard Dompok
Menteri : Datuk Seri Mohamed Nazri Abdul Aziz
Menteri : Datuk Ahmad Zahid Hamidi
Menteri : Datuk Zaid Ibrahim (senator)
Menteri : Datuk Amirsham A Aziz (senator)
Timbalan : Datuk Johari Baharum
Timbalan : Datuk Dr Mashitah Ibrahim (senator)
Timbalan : S K Devamany
Timbalan : Datuk Hasan Malek

KEMENTERIAN DALAM NEGERI
Menteri : Datuk Seri Syed Hamid Albar
Timbalan : Datuk Chor Chee Heung
Timbalan : Datuk Wan Ahmad Farid Wan Salleh (senator)

KEMENTERIAN KEWANGAN
Menteri : Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
Menteri II : Tan Sri Nor Mohamed Yakcop
Timbalan : Datuk Ahmad Husni Mohamad Hanadzlah
Timbalan : Datuk Kong Cho Ha

KEMENTERIAN PENGANGKUTAN
Menteri : Datuk Ong Tee Keat
Timbalan : Datuk Anifah Aman

KEMENTERIAN KERJA RAYA
Menteri : Datuk Ir. Mohd Zin Mohamed
Timbalan : Datuk Yong Khoon Seng

KEMENTERIAN PERUSAHAAN PERLADANGAN DAN KOMODITI
Menteri : Datuk Peter Chin Fah Kui
Timbalan : A Kohilan Pillay (senator)

KEMENTERIAN TENAGA, AIR DAN KOMUNIKASI
Menteri : Datuk Shaziman Abu Mansor
Timbalan : Datuk Joseph Salang Gandum

KEMENTERIAN PERDAGANGAN ANTARABANGSA DAN INDUSTRI
Menteri : Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin
Timbalan : Datuk Liew Vui Keong
Timbalan : Datuk Jacob Dungau Sagan

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN DAN INDUSTRI ASAS TANI
Menteri : Datuk Mustapa Mohamed
Timbalan : Datuk Rohani Abdul Karim

KEMENTERIAN PERDAGANGAN DALAM NEGERI DAN HAL EHWAL PENGGUNA
Menteri : Datuk Shahrir Abdul Samad
Timbalan : Jelaing anak Mersat

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN
Menteri : Datuk Hishammuddin Hussein
Timbalan : Datuk Dr Wee Ka Siong
Timbalan : Datuk Razali Ismail

KEMENTERIAN PENERANGAN
Menteri : Datuk Ahmad Shabery Cheek
Timbalan : Datuk Tan Lian Hoe

KEMENTERIAN PERPADUAN, KEBUDAYAAN, KESENIAN DAN WARISAN
Menteri : Datuk Mohd Shafie Apdal
Timbalan : Teng Boon Soon

KEMENTERIAN SUMBER MANUSIA
Menteri : Datuk Dr S Subramaniam
Timbalan : Datuk Noraini Ahmad

KEMENTERIAN SAINS, TEKNOLOGI DAN INOVASI
Menteri : Datuk Dr Maximus Ongkili
Timbalan : Fadillah Yusof

KEMENTERIAN PERUMAHAN DAN KERAJAAN TEMPATAN
Menteri : Datuk Ong Ka Chuan
Timbalan : Datuk Robert Lau Hoi Chew
Timbalan : Datuk Hamzah Zainudin

KEMENTERIAN PERTAHANAN
Menteri : Datuk Seri Najib Razak
Timbalan : Datuk Wira Abu Seman Yusop

KEMENTERIAN KEMAJUAN LUAR BANDAR DAN WILAYAH
Menteri : Tan Sri Muhammad Muhd Taib
Timbalan : Tan Sri Joseph Kurup
Timbalan : Joseph Entulu Belaun

KEMENTERIAN LUAR NEGERI
Menteri : Datuk Seri Dr Rais Yatim
Timbalan : Datuk Seri Tengku Azlan Abu Bakar

KEMENTERIAN BELIA DAN SUKAN
Menteri : Datuk Ismail Sabri Yaakob
Timbalan : Wee Jeck Seng

KEMENTERIAN KESIHATAN
Menteri : Datuk Liow Tiong Lai
Timbalan : Datuk Dr. Abdul Latiff Ahmad

KEMENTERIAN PEMBANGUNAN USAHAWAN DAN KOPERASI
Menteri : Datuk Noh Omar
Timbalan : Datuk Saifuddin Abdullah

KEMENTERIAN PEMBANGUNAN WANITA,KELUARGA DAN
MASYARAKAT
Menteri : Datuk Dr Ng Yen Yen
Timbalan : Noriah Kasnon

KEMENTERIAN PELANCONGAN
Menteri : Datuk Seri Azalina Othman Said
Timbalan Menteri : Datuk Seri Sulaiman Abdul Rahman Abdul Taib

KEMENTERIAN WILAYAH PERSEKUTUAN
Menteri : Datuk Zulhasnan Rafique
Timbalan Menteri : Datuk M Saravanan

KEMENTERIAN PENGAJIAN TINGGI
Menteri : Datuk Seri Khaled Nordin
Timbalan Menteri : Datuk Dr Hou Kok Chung
Timbalan Menteri : Datuk Idris Haron

KEMENTERIAN SUMBER ASLI DAN ALAM SEKITAR
Menteri : Datuk Douglas Uggah Embas
Timbalan Menteri : Datuk Seri Abdul Ghapur Salleh

Alfun Mabruk 2!!

2008-03-18T09:58:00.003+02:00

Mesyuarat Agung Tahunan Kelab UMNO Ukraine telah berlangsung dengan selamat pada sabtu, 15 MArch 2008. Dalam Pemilihan ini, kita mendapat presiden baru (Mohd Faris Bin Che Kar), dan perubahan ini seolah-olah seirama dengan angin perubahan di Malaysia.
Disamping itu, tak lupa juga ucapan tahniah buat sepupu-sepupu aku yang baru bergelar pengantin baru.. Buat Zuraimee Bin Azmi & isteri...tahniah
Buat Afida Bte Azmi & Suami...tahniah. Semoga ikatan yang terjalin kekal sepanjang hayat...Alfun Mabruk!!

Islam & Perubatan 2: Ar-Razi

2008-03-12T02:28:00.006+02:00

Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi (ابو بکر محمد بن زكريا الرازی‎; Latin: Rhazes atau Rasis) seorang cendiakawan Islam berbangsa Parsi. Beliau merupakan seorang pakar kimia,(alchemist, chemist), pakar perubatan, filasuf,dan pakar rujuk di zaman beliau. Beliau dilahirkan di wilayah Rayy, Iran, dalam tahun 865 masihi (251 AH), dan meninggal dunia di kampung halaman beliau pada 925 masihi (313 AH).

Ar-Razi merupakan pengasas dan banyak menyumbang karya-karya agungnya dalam bidang perubatan, alkimia, dan falsafah, dianggarkan terdapat sebanyak 184 karya beliau dalam bentuk buku dan artikel-artikeldalam pelbagai disiplin ilmu pengetahuan dan sains. Ar-Razi telah mengintegrasikan ilmu-ilmu perubatan Arab, Parsi, Greek and India dan memajukan ilmu-ilmu tersebut melalui pemerhatian dan eksperimen-eksperimen.Beliau merupakan pelopor utama bidang perubatan berasaskan eksperimen dan beliau dianggap sebagai Bapa pakar Pediatrik (the father of pediatrics) . Beliau juga adalah pengasas disiplin Pembedahan saraf (neurosurgery) dan ofthalmologi.

Ar-Razi telah berkhidmat dibandar kelihiran beliau sebagai pakar perubatan. Beliau telah mengepalai Hospital Rayy (Cf. ibn Juljul, al-Qifti, ibn abi Usaibi'ah), di era pemerintahan Gabenor Rayy ketika itu (Mansur ibn Ishaq ibn Ahmad ibn Asad 290-296 (902-908 C.E.) . Ar-Razi telah mendedikasikan kitab beliau al-Tibb al-'Mansurito Mansur ibn Ishaq ibn Ahmad, sebuah manuskrip hasil tulisan tangan beliau. Semasa era pemerintahan Kalifah Al-Muktaktafi, Ar-Razi telah berhijrah dari Rayy ke Baghdad. Beliau sekali lagi diberi kepercayaan untuk mentadbir sebuah hospital di Bandar Baghdad.

Selepas kemangkatan Kalifah al-Muktafidalam tahun 295 (907 C.E.) Ar-Razi telah kembali ke Rayy mula mengumpul pelapis beliau.

Bagaimanapun, ditengah-tengah usaha beliau mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan yang ada, beliau telah menjadi buta. Ramai yang beranggapan penyabab utama beliau menjadi buata ialah kerana terlalu banyak makan broad bean (baqilah). Bermula dengan cataracts dan berakhir dengan total blindness. Ada yang menyatakan bahawa beliau enggan dirawat kerana beliau telah letih dengan dunia ini. Bagaimanapun menurut al-Biruni, beliau enggan dirawat kerana beliau merasakan bahawa ajalnya sudah hampir. Beliau telah meninggal dunia beberapa selepas beberapa ketika di Rayy, pada 5 Sha'ban 313 (27 October, 925 C.E.).

Sumbangan dalam ilmu perubatan.

Penyakit Cacar dan Penyakit Campak (Smallpox and measles)

Beliau merupakan orang yang pertama menerangkan tentang penyakit cacar (Smallpox) dan penyakit campak. Dalam kitab karangan beliau, al-Judari wa al-Hasbah beliau menerangkan tentang etiologi, pathogenesis dan klinikal dan rawatan bagi penyakit ini dan telah diterjemahkan dalam beberapa bahasa. Beliau juga) telah menhuraikan perbezaan antara kedua penyakit tersebut.

Alahan dan Demam (Allergies and Fever)

Beliau telah menghuraikan kaitan alahan dengan serangan astma,beliau juga adalah sarjana yang pertama menulis tentang allergy dan immunology. Beliau juga telah mengaitkan insiden serangan rhinitis semasa musim bunga. Dalam karangan beliau ada menyebut bahawa demam adalah mekanisma pertahanan semulajadi badan untuk melawan penyakit.

beliau juga telah memperkenalkan beberapa peralatan bagi disiplin farmasi seperti mortar, spatula etc dan juga merupakan pelopor bagi disiplin etika perubatan.

Karya-karya

Pic: Colophon-Razi's Book of medicine for Mansur

* al-Hawi (Arabic الحاوي), al-Hawi al-Kabir (Arabic الحاوي الكبير). Also known as The Virtuous Life, Continens Liber. The large medical Encyclopedia containing mostly recipes and Razi's notebooks.
* Isbateh Elmeh Pezeshki (Persian اثبات علم پزشكى), An Introduction to Medical Science.
* Dar Amadi bar Elmeh Pezeshki (Persian درآمدى بر علم پزشكى)
* Rade Manaategha 'tibb jahez
* Rade Naghzotibbeh Nashi
* The Experimentation of Medical Science and its Application
* Guidance
* Kenash
* The Classification of Diseases
* Royal Medicine
* For One Without a Doctor (Arabic من لايحضره الطبيب)
* The Book of Simple Medicine
* The Great Book of Krabadin
* The Little Book of Krabadin
* The Book of Taj or The Book of the Crown
* The Book of Disasters
* Food and its Harmfulness
* al-Judari wa al-Hasbah, The Book of Smallpox and Measles
* Ketab dar Padid Amadaneh Sangrizeh (‍Persian كتاب در پديدآمدن سنگريزه) (Stones in the Kidney and Bladder)
* Ketabeh Dardeh Roodeha (Persian كتاب درد روده‌ها)
* Ketab dar Dard Paay va Dardeh Peyvandhayyeh Andam
* Ketab dar Falej
* The Book of Tooth Aches
* Dar Hey'ateh Kabed ‍(Persian در هيأت كبد)
* Dar Hey'ateh Ghalb (About Heart Ache)
* About the Nature of Doctors
* About the Earwhole
* Dar Rag Zadan (Persian در رگ زدن)
* Seydeh neh/sidneh
* Ketabeh Ibdal
* Food For Patients
* Soodhayeh Serkangabin (Persian سودهاى سركنگبين) or Benefits of Honey and Vinegar Mixture
* Darmanhayeh Abneh
* The Book of Surgical Instruments
* The Book on Oil
* Fruits Before and After Lunch
* Book on Medical Discussion (with Jarir Tabib)
* Book on Medical Discussion II (with Abu Feiz)
* About the Menstrual Cycle
* Ghi Kardan or vomiting (Persian قى كردن)
* Snow and Medicine
* Snow and Thirst
* The Foot
* Fatal Diseases
* About Poisoning
* Hunger
* Soil in Medicine
* The Thirst of Fish
* Sleep Sweating
* Warmth in Clothing
* Spring and Disease
* Misconceptions of a Doctors Capabilities
* The Social Role of Doctors

selain karya yang disebut diatas, Ar-Razi juga menulis ratusan kitab ilmu falsafah, tauhid, metafizik, alkimia, kimia dsb.

Alfun Mabruk!!

2008-03-11T06:33:00.002+02:00

Sekalung tahniah buat Barisan Alternatif Malaysia kera berjaya merampas empat buah negeri di Malaysia (lima sebenarnya termasuk FT Kuala Lumpur) dan mempertahankan Kerajaan Kelantan. Tak lupa juga tahniah buat Barisan Nasional kerana dapat memerinth semula Malaysia.
Kepada para pejuang, ingat perjuangan kita tidak terhenti stakat ini sahaja. Masih banyak yang perlu diperbaiki. Teruskan perjuangan!!

p/s:
Selamat Hari Lahir buat tunang tercinta (10th March...Miss u baby!!)
Tahniah kepada sdra. Mohd Aminuddin (ex-SMAR 2000) atas kelahiran anak sulung beliau.

Vote for better future

2008-03-07T15:44:00.005+02:00

"Tangan yang menghayun buaian, mampu menggoncang dunia". Itulah dia wanita. Sempena Perayaan Hari Wanita sedunia esok, yang mana sama tarikhnya dengan pilihan raya umum ke12.Undi-undi wanita inilah yang saya kira akan menentukan corak kepimpinan negara malaysia.

Harapan kita, agar tangan-tangan kaum wanita memangkah Barisan Alternatif kerana nasib anak-anak kita dapat berubah dengan perubahan yang signifikan di dalam sistem politik Malaysia. Sejak 50 tahun kemerdekaan, tidak dinafikan Malaysia maju dibawah pemerintahan Perikatan / UMNO. Walaubagaimanapun, pembangunan yang tidak seimbang tidak mendatangkan apa-apa faedah. Jika materialistik yang diukur, tentu nampak kejayaan Barisan Nasional. Jika pembangunan sahsiah yang dicari, tenggelam terus imej Barisan Nasional.
Kadar jenayah meningkat berterusan, rasuah, rogol, rompak, jenayah kolar putih, biru, sumbang mahram, rempit dan sebagainya tidak langsung menunjukkan kadar penurunan. Kemiskinan tegar masih banyak dikalangan melayu-bumiputra. Kenaikan harga barang secara tidak terkawal walhasil dari peningkatan mendadak harga petrol, indeks ketelusan kerajaan yang merudum, kuasa beli rakyat yang berkurang (walhal baru saja gaji dinaikkan, pelik??), penipuan dalan indeks kecekapan yang diumumkan oleh kerajaan. Ini adalah simbol kebobrokan kerajaan yang memerintah kini.
Pembangkang datang dengan idea negara berkebajikan. Saya melihat ini sebagai jalan keluar dari masalah-masalah yang disebut. Bukan mahu memanjakan rakyat marhaen dengan subsidi, tetapi sekadar mengurangkan beban rakyat. Para menteri boleh la berkata, itu dan ini, kerana mereka tidak dikenakan tol, tidak dicaj petrol, gaji hampir beratus kali ganda kakitangan awam biasa, naik kapal terbang pun tak kena caj!!. Walhal mereka sepatutnya merasa kesusahan rakyat kerajaan kebebalan mereka yang ghairak merompak hasil-mahsul bumi Malaysia. Perangai mereka ini tak ubah seperti penjajah. Ada pula cerita-cerita yang tidak sedap didengar tentang ada anak kemenakan orang-orang atasan (rasa-rasanya taklah perlu disebut siapa, kerana umum sudah mengetahui) yang bercita-cita menjadi PM di usianya mencecah 40 tahun. Tak salah bercita-cita tinggi, tapi biarlah guna jalan yang bersih. bukan guna kedudukan anda sebagai orang yang ada hubungan dengan pihak yang tertentu. Dengan imej anda yang kotor lagi jijik, adakah anda fikir anda layak menerajui Malaysia? Ilmu agama anda dah cukup ke nak jadi pemimpin?? Fikir-fikirlah.
Kita sebagai rakyat yang bebas fikirannya, waras dan cintakan keadilan, buatlah pilihan yang sehabis bijak. Timbanglah perkara-perkara yang dah dibuat oleh kerajaan selama ini. Adakah ianya menjaga kebajikan anda. Jika tidak, ubahlah kerajaan ini agar ianya memberi manfaat kepada anda, dan generasi masa depan anda. Vote for change, vote for better future!!. Buat Barisan Alternatif, doa kami dari perantauan semoga perjuang kalian diberkati Allah. Buat pengundi-pengundi yang bijaksana, Ingat setiap undi anda akan menentukan masa depan Malaysia dan yang paling penting setiap apa yang anda buat (termasuk mengundi kerjaan yang bobrok) akan dipersoalkan di akhirat....wallahu a'lam

Islam dan Perubatan..Bah 1

2008-02-23T16:25:00.004+02:00

Islam adalah agama yang syumul. Islam sebagai ad-deen merangkumi semua aspek kehidupan manusia..tiada satu pun aspek kehidupan manusia yang terlepas oandang dari sudut agama Islam, semuanya cantik, lengkap dan memenuhi kemaslahatan manusia. Bukan sahaja dari aspek tauhid, malahan ajaran Islam juga merangkumi aspek sosial, ekonomi (ikhtisad), rumahtangga (munakahat), sains, politik (siasah) dan lain-lain.

"Sesungguhnya hari ini telah aku sempurnakan pada kamu akan agama kamu dan aku sempurnakan nikmatku pada kamu dan aku meredhai Islam sebagai agama kamu." (Surah Al-Mai'dah : 3).

Sejarah Islam membuktikan bahawa betapa islam menitik beratkan budaya Ilmu. Buktinya, ayat al-quran yang pertama diturunkan kepada junjungan besar Nabi Muhammad S.A.W adalah mengenai ilmu.

"Bacalah dengan nama Tuhanmu yang menciptakan. Dia menciptakan manusia dari segumpal darah. Bacalah, dan Tuhanmu Yang Maha Pemurah,Yang mengajar manusia melalui pena dan tulisan,Ia mengajarkan manusia apa yang tidak diketahuinya. (Surah A-A'laq: 1-5)

Ayat diatas disokong pula dengan hadith Nabi SAW mengenai kewajiban menuntut ilmu
Maksudnya: 'Menuntut ilmu itu wajib ke atas setiap muslim'.

Dengan Asbab ini, kita boleh melihat bagaimana para salafi, dan ulama'-ulama' terkemuka islam satu ketika dulu bertungkus lumus menyahut seruan ini, mengembangkan ilmu, mencipta disiplin-disiplin baru dan meletakkan asas bagi ilmu-ilmu tersebut untuk dikembangkan oleh para sarjana waktu ini. Nama-nama besar dalam dunia Islam seperti Ibn Sina, Al-khawarizmi, Ar-razi, Ibn Taimiyyah dan sebagainya menyemarakkan dunia keilmuan dizaman mereka, seterusnya menjadi asas ilmu-ilmu yang ada hari ini.
Ibn Sina merupakan ulama' perubatan islam yang agung dizamannya. Nama beliau meniti dibibir setiap doktor-doktor perubatan. Beliau adalah 'The doctor of the doctors'. Ilmu perubatan ini dipercayai diasaskan oleh Hippocrat (460 BC - 377 BC)- the father of doctors.

Pic: Ibn-Sina

(Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā- ابو علی الحسین ابن عبدالله ابن سینا )

Kitab-kitab karangan ibn Sina digunakan disegenap pelusuk dunia, diterjamah didalam puluhan bahasa, menjadi rujukan, dan fundamental bagi sains perubatan. antara karya teragung Ibn Sina adalah al-Qanun fi at-Tib (The Canon of Medicine). Kitab agung ini menjadibatu asas bagi disiplin fisiologi manusia (berdasarkan eksperimental secara spesifik dan berkuantitifikasi), penemuan penyakit berjangkit dan penyakit jangkitan seksual (penyakit kelamin), pengenalan kaedah kuarantin untuk mencegah pentyebaran penyakit, kaedah eksperimental klinikal, hygiene, neuropsychiatry dsb.

Bahang Pilihanraya Bah.5: Negara kebajikan bukan negara subsidi

2008-02-23T01:34:00.007+02:00

Negara kebajikan bukan negara subsidi
Muhammad Abu Zahra
Fri | Feb 22, 08 | 6:47:49 pm MYT

Kebanyakan ulasan-ulasan dangkal para pemimpin BN tentang Negara Kebajikan menganggap bahawa negara seperti itu akan memberikan subsidi sepenuhnya kepada rakyat.

Mereka menyebut apabila rakyat diberi subsidi maka mereka akan malas bekerja justeru Malaysia akan kekurangan daya saing. Sedangkan konsep Negara Kebajikan yang diketengahkan oleh PAS bukannya negara yang pemerintahnya memberikan subsidi sepenuhnya kepada rakyat. Pemberian subsidi kepada rakyat hanya disalurkan kepada perkara-perkara berikut:

a. Keperluan asasi

Ataupun dalam konteks ekonomi Islam disebut 'dharuriyat', iaitu keperluan yang diperlukan oleh manusia, sekiranya manusia tidak memperolehinya boleh menyebabkan bencana yang besar. Keperluan asasi ini telah cuba diperjelaskan oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (PBB) sendiri melalui Laporan Brundtland 1987 iaitu termasuk kesihatan, pendidikan, penempatan dan lain-lain. Dalam konteks ini kerajaan bertanggungjawab memaksimumkan penyaluran subsidi supaya seluruh rakyat boleh memperolehi keperluan yang sangat asas seperti ini.

b. Golongan yang tidak berupaya

Seperti golongan cacat, orang tua-tua, kanak-kanak, ibu-ibu tunggal dan lain-lain. Dalam sesebuah Negara Kebajikan, subsidi diberikan bagi membolehkan semua golongan ini hidup selesa seperti rakyat yang berupaya. Golongan-golongan seperti ini tidak mempunyai pendapatan yang tetap, sehingga boleh mendatangkan mudarat yang lebih besar.

Sebagai contoh pernah berlaku baru-baru ini ibu tunggal terpaksa mengurung anak mereka ketika keluar bekerja, disebabkan terpaksa berbuat demikian untuk menyara kehidupan keluarganya. Akhirnya anaknya telah terperangkap dalam kebakaran. Maka pemerintah dalam Negara Kebajikan akan menyalurkan subsidi yang munasabah demi memastikan kesejahteraan rakyat.

c. Melibatkan kepentingan strategik

Ia membabitkan kepentingan seluruh rakyat seperti gas, petrol dan diesel. Kesemua bahan bakar ini merupakan perkara yang diperlukan oleh seluruh rakyat daripada golongan terkaya sehingga golongan termiskin.

Kenaikan harga bahan bakar ini akan menyebabkan kenaikan seluruh barangan keperluan yang akan menjejaskan kehidupan rakyat terutama golongan miskin. Oleh sebab itu pemerintah dalam sebuah negara kebajikan wajar menyalurkan subsidi bagi memastikan kepentingan strategik seperti ini boleh mengekalkan kehidupan rakyat yang selesa.

d. Demi menjamin keselamatan rakyat

Pemerintah bertanggungjawab menyediakan prasarana yang boleh memberi jaminan tinggi kepada keselamatan rakyat. Dalam konteks Malaysia, contoh yang terbaik ialah keselamatan jalan raya. Penggunaan lebuh raya sudah pasti lebih selamat berbanding penggunaan jalan raya sempit dua lorong.

Sepatutnya subsidi diberikan untuk menggalakkan rakyat menggunakan lebuh raya bukannya dikenakan tol untuk mendorong rakyat memilih jalan raya sempit. Malah sepatutnya pemerintah menyediakan kemudahan percuma yang selamat kepada rakyat dalam aspek keselamatan pengangkutan ini. Bukankah di Malaysia kemalangan jalan raya antara pembunuh nombor satu negara?- tajdid

Bahang Pilihanraya Bah.4...

2008-02-20T23:20:00.001+02:00

"Kerajaan terpaksa menaikkan harga
petrol berikutan kenaikan hraga minyak
global..subsidi kerajaan dikurangkan.."

Kes 1 :Jika Petronas yang menampung
subsidi:

Tahun 2005 untung Petronas adalah
RM58.037b
Subsidi tahun 2005 adalah RM16b
Untung-subsidi= RM42.037b

Tahun 2006 untung Petronas adalah
RM76.3b
Subsidi tahun 2006 =RM23b
Untung-subsidi=RM53.3b

Ini bermakna kenaikan pendapatan
RM11.263b

Kes 2-Jika subsidi ditanggung kerajaan
melalui sumbangan Petronas:

Tahun 2005 kutipan Kerajaan pada
Petronas = RM31.1b
Subsidi tahun 2005 =RM16b
Baki= RM15.1b

Tahun 2006 kutipan kerajaan pada
Petronas = RM41.7b (anggaran asal
adalah RM39.924b)
Subsidi pada 2006 = RM23b
Baki=RM 18.7b

Kenaikan pendapatan sebanyak
RM3.6bilion.

[1.Subsidi RM35bilion tidak boleh
dikira kerana ianya bagi seluruh tahun
2007 dan pendapatan Petronas bagi Mac
2007-Mac 2008 belum diperolehi.

2. Subsidi pada 2006 iaitu RM23bilion
adalah sekiranya harga minyak tidak
dinaikkan kepada 30 sen.Subsidi sebenar
minyak pada tahun tersebut adalah
RM19bilion berdasarkan ucapan
Belanjawan 2007 Abdullah Ahmad Badawi]

Kita tidak meminta agar petroleum
dinikmati rakyat secara percuma.Kita
cuma pohon agar harga petroleum adalah
munasabah dengan keadaan hidup
rakyat.Adalah amat tidak munasabah
membandingkan harga minyak Malaysia
dengan Singapura yang hampir 2.5 kali
lebih mahal dari kita sedangkan umum
mengetahui pendapatan purata rakyat
Singapura adalah 5 kali lebih tinggi
dari rakyat di sini.

Nikmat khazanah Malaysia ini sepatutnya
dinikmati semua rakyat.Bukan sekadar
dinikmati oleh bekas pemilik MISC atau
pemilik Scomi!

Duit kita bukan abis pada minyak.Tapi
abis pada kroni.Abis pada korupsi.Nun
skabndal PKFZ,rugi 3.5b.Skandal Sukhoi
dan kapal selam,komisen 1b (Bank Dunia
kata komisen tertinggi dalam dunia),AP
1.8b,Buat railway gi Thailand kemudian
tangguh rugi 4b,Bail out Scomi,MISC dan
UEM,rugi dekat 6b.jual MV Augusta 1
euro,rugi 500j.Bangunan Matrade,rugi
120j.Beli jet Pak Lah,habis 200j.

Ini lah sebenarnya yang akan
membangkrapkan Malaysia.

Bahang Pilihanraya pt3...

2008-02-20T10:06:00.004+02:00

Assalamualaikum wbt...
Beberapa kawasan Parlimen dan Dewan Undangan Negeri telah menamakan calon masing-masing. Antaranya ialah Kulim Bandar Baru (P18)- saudara Zulkifli Noordin, Kuala Terengganu (P36)-Hj Mohammad Sabu, Arau (P3)-Dato' Haron Din etc..Nama-nama besar dalam saf pimpinan Parti Islam SeMalaysia diharapkan dapat memberikan kemenangan buat PAS dalam usaha 'menghijaukan' Malaysia.

Vid: Perjuangan Belum Selesai

Ayuh bangkit, walaupun kekalahan dalam PRU11 yang lepas, perjuangan kalian masih belum berakhir. inysyaAllah, dengan gerak kerja yang teratur, doa, dan usaha yang bersungguh-sungguh, kemenangan pasti berpihak kepada islam. seperti janji Allah...

Dengan nama Allah, Yang Maha Pemurah, lagi Maha Mengasihani.

-Apabila datang pertolongan Allah dan kemenangan (semasa engkau wahai Muhammad berjaya menguasai negeri Makkah),
-Dan engkau melihat manusia masuk dalam agama Allah beramai-ramai,
-Maka ucapkanlah tasbih dengan memuji Tuhanmu dan mintalah ampun kepadaNya, sesungguhnya Dia amat menerima taubat.
(Surah An-Nasr, Ayat 1 - 3)

Bahang pilihanraya ke-12. Part 2

2008-02-17T02:46:00.002+02:00

Dedikasi buat Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim...Good luck Dato'!!

Bahang pilihanraya ke-12. Part 1

2008-02-17T01:32:00.005+02:00

Dalam masa beberapa hari lagi, insyaAllah, seluruh rakyat Malaysia akan mengundi. Video ni aku dapat dari Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim, melalui friendster. aku secara peribadinya mengagumi karisma yang ada pada DSAI ni, disamping beberapa pemimpin lain.

Undilah Barisan Nasional...you'll never regret. insyaAllah

Allahu Akbar!!

Islamic Winter Conference 2008

2008-02-15T02:37:00.003+02:00

Islamic winter conference will be held on 16 Febuary 2008 in 5th hostel mosque, Crimea State Medical University. All muslim / muslimat are welcome. Any inquiries, please refer to your naqib..

BAHANG PANAS pilihan RAYA

2008-02-14T20:13:00.002+02:00

Undilah dengan parti yang menyokong
perjuangan menegakkan ISLAM..
bukan menghancurkan AGAMA ISLAM dan
UMAT seanteronya….huhuhu..

Takbirr !! ALLAHu AKHbar.. ALLAHu
AKhbar.. ALLAHu AKhbar…

Allah swt berfirman, maksudnya: Dan
sediakanlah untuk menentang mereka
(musuh yang menceroboh) segala jenis
kekuatan yang dapat kamu sediakan
dan dari pasukan-pasukan berkuda yang
lengkap sedia untuk menggerunkan
dengan persediaan itu musuh Allah dan
musuh kamu serta musuh-musuh yang lain
dari mereka yang kamu tidak
mengetahuinya sedang Allah
mengetahuinya.
Dan apa sahaja yang kamu belanjakan
pada jalan Allah akan disempurnakan
balasannya kepada kamu dan kamu tidak
akan dianiaya. (al Anfal:60)

Allah swt berfirman, maksudnya: Wahai
orang-orang yang beriman, sabarlah
kamu dan teguhkanlah kesabaranmu
(dalam menghadapi musuh) dan
bersiap-sedialah (untuk berperang)
serta bertaqwalah kamu kepada Allah
agar kamu memperolehi kejayaan. (Ali
Imran:200)

Salam PERJUANgan buat semua PARA daie’
MUDA…
Ungkapan yang menggetarkan nadi bagi
yang sinonim dengan bicara persoalan
PERJUANGAn….

Jika TAKUT dengan RISIKO, usah bicara
soal PERJUANGAN !!

Dalam proses DAKWAh.. kita juga
mentarbiyyahkan diri kita dari kurang
BAIk ke arah yg BAIK. Dari yg BAIK ke
arah yang LAGI BAIk…seterusnya dari yg
terbaik, diperkasakan ke MAKAM yang
tertinggi.. insyaallah..

justeru, kita seharusnya menjadi DUTA
yang menDOKONg usaha perjuangan untuk
menegakkan ISLAM di mata
dunia..menabur benih semaian tazkirah,
menitipkan suapan rohani yang mendidik
jiwa gersang nan sepi dengan NUR yakni
jalan LURUS…

melihatkan KEPINcangan UMAT ISLAM yang
kini diMAMAH dengan rakus… dek
JAHILnya manusia..serangan HALus dari
puak YAHUdi.. dengan memasukkan jarum
dikit demi dikit… aduhai.. sedihhhnya
melihat bakal pemimpin yang menerajui
NEGARa pada masa akan datang.. ^-^

ayuh.. bangunlah ya syabab…jadilah
DUTA.. duta kepada generasi kini..
bukan hanya ahli NOMINal.. yang hanya
menyOKONg.. malah angguk-angguk geleng-
geleng dengan kerenah BIROkrasi yang
macam-macam helah tipu nya..
huhu..tapi, jadilah daie yang boleh
menyalakan OBOR dari kegelapan yg
kelam gumpita.. amar makruf wa nahi
mungkar !!

tak terfikir ke?? Ke mana sumbangan
duit selama ini yg kita laburkan..
walupun mmglaa tak sebanyak angka ribu
au JUTA.. tapi, sewajarnya.. kita yg
dikurniakan AQAl.. boleh berfikir..
boleh selidik.. ke MANA perginya
duit.. dana yang terkumpul…

ikutkan kiraan.. sohih ana ujarkan..
banyak telah dilaburkan ke arah yg
lagho.. ke arah yang tidak sepatutnya
dilaburkan bak air yang mengalir…
sedikit cth PETRONAs yg mmg satu-satu
negeri yg banyak dapat royalty dari
hasil minyak tersebut.. TERengganu..
mana perginya PITIh tu?? Byk dijana
pada projek ape??? Berbilion
banyaknye… kalau diagihkan pada projek
yang banyak manfaat pada RAKyat ada
juga manfaatnya.. tapi…???!!

Belum lagi cth projek lain yg
menbazirkan duit RAKYAT .. aduhhhh..
sedihhhnye.. melihatkan rakan
sepersekolahan..belia-belia.. adik-
adik yg kini hanyut dibawa arus
kEBARAtan.. arus hedONisme yang
melampau…. ^-^

AYUh… bangun umat MUHAMMAD… bangun
dari LENA yang bersulamkan kesenangan
yang bertatahkan hiburan maknawi
semata-mata.. berintikan suapan rasuah
yang melata.. bertunjangkan fakta
palsu yang disogokkan bagi mangaburi
mata-mata rakyat..

Ya ALLAH, tegakkanlah Negara yang
mendaulatkan AL Quran di setiap
tempat, Hidup bahagiakanlah kami
dengannya, matikan kami sebagai
SYUhada’ yang mulia.

Ya ALLAH, tegakkan Negara Islam yang
sebenar dan kurniakanlah kami padanya
kemuliaan, kekuatan dan kesatuan di
bawah naugan kalimah
‘ Lailahaillallah
Muhammadurrasululallah ‘.

Ya Allah bantulah agamaMU, kitabMU,
dan penolong-penolong agamaMU, dan
hancurkanlah musuhMU dan musuh
agamaMU, Ya Allah, jadikanlah
kalimahMU yang tertinggi dan
hinakanlah kekufuran.

Ya ALLAH, tundukkanlah jiwa kami
menjadi jiwa yg hancur luluh penuh
harapan kepadaMu dan jadikanlah kami
dari golongan yang bermunajat kepadaMu
di waktu sahur sehingga tersingkap
nyata kebesaranMU dan ketinggianMu.

Pergilah kamu beramai-ramai untuk
berperang pada jalan Allah) sama ada
dengan keadaan ringan ataupun berat,
dan berjihadlah dengan harta benda dan
jiwa kamu pada jalan Allah. Yang
demikian amatlah baik bagi kamu jika
kamu mengetahui. (at Taubah:41)

Wahai orang-orang yang beriman, jika
kamu menolong agama Allah niscaya
Allah menolong kamu (untuk mencapai
kemenangan) dan meneguhkan tapak
pendirian kamu. (Muhammad:7)

Akhir kalam bicara bisu ana.. sama-
sama kita tanya diri..
Adakah kita sudah JALANkan amanah
sebagai KHAlifah??
Kita wajib memilih pemimpin yg
bertunjangkan yakni mendokong daulah
ISLAmiyah .. JANGAN ada yang
MENGANggur dalam menjalankan AMANAH
BERSAma.. FARDHu bagi MENdokong
perjuangan…

Wallahu’alam bissawab…

Ya Tuhanku, sesungguhnya diri ini
penuh kekeliruan dan keluh-
resah,walaupun ku tahu tanggungjawab
dakwah ini satu kewajipan namun hatiku
ini sentiasa menyeleweng dari
landasanMu,oleh itu Ya Tuhanku kau
kembalikanlah Nur kebenaran,dan
kekuatan buat diriku ini agar diriku
mampu berdiri tegak bersama kaum Adam
untuk sama-sama menjunjung kalimahMu…
ameen, insyaAllah..

source: simple shida

St Valentine Day

2008-02-13T18:56:00.005+02:00

Assalamualaikum wbt..
Secara tradisinya, esok 14 Febuari setiap tahun ramai antara kita yang merayakan perayaan Hari Kekasih, Valentine Day. Perayaan ini menurut Islam adalah HARAM hukumnya. Ini adalah kerana perayaan ini di percayai untuk menyucikan St Valentine. St Valentine merupakan seorang pendeta agama kristian.
Jadi seorang yang mengaku dirinya Islam, mengucap 2 kalimah shahadah dan mengaku dirinya muslim dengan secara waras mestilah meninggalkan kebiasaan ini. berikut adalah petikan dari akhbar harakahdaily online mengenai perayaan Hari Valentine:-

Menyanggah persoalan cinta pada Hari Valentine
Ustaz Zainudin Hashim
Wed | Feb 13, 08 | 11:24:20 am MYT

Sesungguhnya tidak ada cinta lebih utama untuk diberikan hanya kepada Allah SWT, kerana sebagai orang Islam, kita diajar oleh al-Quran, bahawa cinta sejati ialah hanya kepada Allah sepertimana yang termaktub dalam ayat 165 surah al-Baqarah, Allah berfirman maksudnya:"Dan di antara manusia ada orang-orang yang menyembah (objek-objek lain) selain Allah, mereka mencintainya sebagaimana mereka mencintai Allah. Adapun orang-orang yang beriman, mereka benar-benar mencintai Allah."

Jelas daripada penjelasan ayat di atas, mengkhabarkan kepada kita, bahawa cinta orang-orang beriman yang sebenarnya hanya kepada Allah dan Rasul-Nya, ia bukan bermakna cinta antara manusia dengan manusia dilarang oleh agama, terutamanya cinta seorang lelaki terhadap seorang wanita.

Sehubungan itu, baginda Rasulullah s.a.w pernah bertanya kepada Saidina Omar Bin al-Khattab, siapakah orang yang dia kasihi, sambil menyatakan bahawa baginda Rasulullah sebagai orang yang paling dikasihi termasuk anak isterinya, kemudian beliau ditegur oleh baginda dengan sabdanya: Tidak beriman salah seorang daripada kamu, hingga dia mencintai aku lebih daripada mencintai kedua orang tuanya, anak isterinya dan seluruh manusia amnya.

Hari Valentine bunuh semangat cinta kepada agama Apa yang dipaparkan di atas, jelas menunjukkan betapa ancaman Nabi Muhammad itu perlu diambil perhatian serius kepada orang-orang yang beriman kepada Allah dan rukun-rukun iman yang lain.

Ini kerana hari Valentine yang mengajak pasangan lelaki dan perempuan untuk berjumpa serta menunjukan rasa kasih antara satu sama lain dengan pemberian sejambak bunga dan sebagainya adalah lebih cenderung kepada melakukan maksiat kepada Allah SWT, kerana baginda pernah mengingatkan seluruh umatnya, bahawa pertemuan dua pasangan kekasih tanpa orang ketiga menemani mereka adalah terdedah kepada godaan dan bisikan syaitan yang sentiasa mengajak untuk melakukan perkara yang terlarang dalam agama Islam.

Sedangkan pasangan kekasih itu tidak mempunyai hubungan atau pertalian keluarga yang boleh menjuruskan keduanya kepada penentangan hukum Allah SWT dengan duduk berdua-duaan sama ada di taman bunga, di tempat-tempat sunyi yang jauh daripada pengetahuan dan penglihatan orang ramai, memudahkan mereka melakukan perkara yang tidak diingini.

Mereka sanggup menghabiskan masa bukan kerana Allah, juga bukan kerana persoalan agama, malah masa dihabiskan dengan duduk bersembang kosong tanpa tujuan yang jelas, mereka tidak sedar terdedah pada keadaan yang penuh dengan fitnah terhadap agama mereka sendiri, kerana terdapat di kalangan mereka yang berdua-duaan itu yang bertudung kepala, duduk di kawasan yang meragukan banyak pihak, akhirnya terlanjur.

Apabila semangat Valentine itu diaplikasikan dalam realiti hidup pasangan kekasih lebih daripada mengutamakan larangan Allah, maka akan berlaku apa yang tidak sepatutnya berlaku.

Justeru, bagi mereka (khusunya pasangan lelaki dan perempuan remaja Islam) yang masih mahu menyambut hari Valentine yang lebih kepada semangat Kristian, ingatlah firman Allah SWT menerusi ayat 24 surah at-Taubah yang bermaksud : "Katakanlah – Jika bapa-bapa, anak-anak, saudara-mara, isteri-isteri kamu, harta kekayaan yang kamu usahakan, perniagaan yang kamu takut akan kerugiannya, rumah-rumah tempat tinggal yang kamu sukai, adalah lebih kamu cintai daripada Allah dan Rasul-Nya dan berjihad di jalannya, maka tunggulah hingga Allah datangkan keputusan-Nya, Sesungguhnya Allah tidak memberi petunjuk kepada orang-orang yang Fasiq."

Pemerintah mampu halang dan ubah minda rakyat

Persoalan untuk memastikan pegangan agama rakyat terhadap ajaran Islam adalah terletak di atas bahu golongan pemerintah khususnya para Umno, kerana apabila terdapat mana-mana individu di kalangan rakyat negara ini yang beragama Islam menyambut hari Valentine yang umum tahu bahawa ia adalah hari yang disambut oleh seorang paderi Kristian, maka mereka secara langsung dan mungkin juga tidak langsung bersama dengan Kristian.

Rasulullah s.a.w dalam satu hadisnya pernah bertegas : "Sesiapa yang menyerupai sesuatu kaum, maka dia termasuk dalam lingkungan kaum tersebut."

Pernahkah golongan pemerintah dalam negara ini telah berusaha keras untuk memberi penerangan kepada rakyatnya khususnya orang-orang Islam akan bahaya hari Valentine untuk disambut, kerana ia ada kaitan dengan masalah akidah.

Tetapi apa yang dapat kita lihat, bagaimana program televisyen pun sibuk menyiarkan filem-filem tentang hari Valentine yang dapat disaksikan oleh umum.

Tidakkah para pemerintah rasa gerun, bahawa mereka telah menyediakan satu wadah yang boleh menjerumuskan manusia kepada tida berpegang kepada Islam sebenar?

Umum telah mengetahui, bahawa Islam Hadhari tajaan Umno, menyediakan ruang dan peluang yang begitu banyak dalam program hiburan keterlaluan, mereka tidak perlu berdalih lagi, kerana semua tindakan itu telah dirakam oleh Malaikat untuk didedahkan di mahkamah Allah pada hari Kiamat nanti.

Ketahuilah, bahawa mereka semua boleh tipu manusia, tetapi mereka lupa bahawa mereka tidak berupaya untuk menipu Allah, antara tipuan yang dilakukan ialah tidak mahu melaksanakan hukum Allah, itulah punca sebenar yang dikenal pasti berlakunya kemarahan Allah terhadap diri kita semua. - mks.

Berikut adalah sisipan artikel mengenai st Valentine fr wikipedia...

Saint Valentine

Pic: Ni lah St Valentine yang Dilaknati tu..

Saint Valentine of Terni oversees the construction of his basilica at Terni, from a 14th century French manuscript (BN, Mss fr. 185)
Bishop and Martyr
Born unknown
Died ca. 269[1]
Venerated in Roman Catholic Church
Eastern Orthodox Church
Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod
Feast 14 February (Roman Catholic Church)
6 July (Eastern Orthodox Church)
Attributes birds; roses; bishop with a crippled or epileptic child at his feet; bishop with a rooster nearby; bishop refusing to adore an idol; bishop being beheaded; priest bearing a sword; priest holding a sun; priest giving sight to a blind girl[1]
Patronage affianced couples, against fainting, bee keepers, greeting card manufacturers, happy marriages, love, plague, travellers, young people[1]
Saints Portal

Saint Valentine (in Latin, Valentinus) is the name of several martyred saints of ancient Rome. Of the Saint Valentine whose feast is on February 14, nothing is known except his name and that he was buried at the Via Flaminia north of Rome on February 14. It is even uncertain whether the feast of that day celebrates only one saint or two or more saints of the same name. For this reason this liturgical commemoration was not kept in the Roman Catholic calendar of saints for universal liturgical veneration as revised in 1969.[2] Traditional Roman Catholics continue to venerate St. Valentine on his feast day, February 14.

In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Saint Valentine the Presbyter, is celebrated on 6 July,[3] and Hieromartyr Saint Valentine (Bishop of Interamna, Terni in Italy) is celebrated on 30 July.[4]

The name "Valentine" does not occur in the earliest list of Roman martyrs, which was compiled by the Chronographer of 354. The feast of St. Valentine was first established in 496 by Pope Gelasius I, who included Valentine among those "... whose names are justly reverenced among men, but whose acts are known only to God." As Gelasius implied, nothing was known, even then, about the lives of any of these martyrs. The Saint Valentine that appears in various martyrologies in connection with 14 February is described either as:

* A priest in Rome
* A bishop of Interamna (modern Terni)
* A martyr in the Roman province of Africa.[5]

The name "Valentine", derived from valens (worthy), was popular in late antiquity.[6]

Various dates are given for the martyrdom or martyrdoms: 269, 270, or 273.[7]

The official Roman Martyrology for February 14 mentions only one Saint Valentine.

English eighteenth-century antiquarian Alban Butler and Francis Douce, noting the obscurity of Saint Valentine's identity, suggested Valentine's Day was created as an attempt to supersede the pagan holiday of Lupercalia. This idea has lately been contested by Professor Jack Oruch of the University of Kansas. Many of the current legends that characterise Saint Valentine were invented in the fourteenth century in England, notably by Geoffrey Chaucer and his circle, when the feast day of February 14 first became associated with romantic love.[8]

While a Website of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia and other sources give different lists of Saint Valentines, the Catholic Church's official list of recognized saints, the Roman Martyrology lists seven: a martyr (Roman priest or Terni bishop?) buried on the Via Flaminia (February 14), a priest from Viterbo (November 3), a bishop from Raetia who died in about 450 (January 7), a fifth-century priest and hermit (July 4), a Spanish hermit who died in about 715 (October 25), Valentine Berrio Ochoa, martyred in 1861 (November 24) and Valentine Jaunzarás Gómez, martyred in 1936 (September 18).[9]

Hagiographical sources speak of a Roman priest and a bishop of Terni each buried along the Via Flaminia outside Rome, at different distances from the city, with each venerated on February 14.[10] In the Middle Ages, two Roman churches were dedicated to Saint Valentine. One was the tenth-century church Sancti Valentini de Balneo Miccine or de Piscina, which was rededicated by Pope Urban III in 1186. The other, on the Via Flaminia, was the ancient basilica S. Valentini extra Portam founded by Pope Julius I (337‑352), though not under this dedication.[11] The basilica apellatur Valentini, "is called Valentine's"; but early basilicas were as often called by the name of their former owner as by the saint to whom they were dedicated: see titulus.

This, the earlier and by far more important of the churches, is dedicated to the less prominent of the two saints, Valentine, presbyter of Rome;[12] this was the Basilica S. Valentini extra Portam, the "Basilica of Saint Valentine beyond the Gate" which was situated beyond the Porta Flaminia (the Porta del Popolo, which was the Porta S. Valentini when William of Malmesbury visited Rome). It stood on the right hand side at the second milestone on the Via Flaminia.[13] It had its origins in a funerary chapel on the site of catacombs, which the Liber Pontificalis attributes to a foundation by Pope Julius I (337-352). However, the dedications of two basilicas dedicated by Julius are not specified in the Liber Pontificalis. It was restored or largely rebuilt by Pope Theodore (642‑649) and Pope Leo III (795‑816), enriched with an altar cloth by Pope Benedict II (683‑685) and by gifts of Pope Hadrian I (772‑795), Pope Leo III and Pope Gregory IV (827‑844), so that it had become ecclesia mirifice ornata, "a church marvellously adorned". The monastery of San Silvestro in Capite was annexed to it, and in the surviving epitome of a lost catalogue of the churches of Rome, compiled by Giraldus Cambrensis about 1200, it was hospitale S. Valentini extra urbem, the "hospital of Saint Valentine outside the city". But in the thirteenth century the martyr's relics were transferred to Santa Prassede, and the ancient basilica decayed: in Signorili's catalogue, made in about 1425, it was Ecclesia sancti Valentini extra portam sine muris non habet sacerdotem, "the church of Saint Valentine beyond the gate without [enclosing] walls, has no priest".[14]

In the catacombs connected with the basilica of Valentine, outside the Porta del Popolo, nineteenth-century excavations unearthed two hundred Christian inscriptions.[15] Lanciani reported, from the chronicle of the monastery of S. Michael ad Mosam, an account of a pilgrim of the eleventh century who obtained relics of saints "'from the keeper of a certain cemetery, in which lamps are always burning'. He refers to the basilica of S. Valentine and the small hypogaeum attached to it (discovered in 1887)."[16]

The earliest written Acta for Saint Valentine were written in the sixth or seventh century, when the hagiographical genre was well established, with pious accounts of miracles and torture shared among many texts and applied to many martyr-saints. The longer of the two is that written of the martyr Valentine of Terni and his cure, through faith alone, of a crippled child. Bede, in the eighth century, knew of both hagiographies and included transcripts of both under 14 February in his martyrology.[17]

In the Golden Legend

The Legenda Aurea of Jacobus de Voragine, compiled about 1260 and one of the most-read books of the High Middle Ages, gives sufficient details of the saints for each day of the liturgical year to inspire a homily on each occasion. The very brief vita of St Valentine has him refusing to deny Christ before the "Emperor Claudius"[18] in the year 280. Before his head was cut off, this Valentine restored sight and hearing to the daughter of his jailer. Jacobus makes a play with the etymology of "Valentine", "as containing valour".

The Legenda Aurea does not contain anything about hearts and last notes signed "from your Valentine", as is sometimes suggested in modern works of sentimental piety [1]. Many of the current legends surrounding them appear in the late Middle Ages in France and England, when the feast day of February 14 became associated with romantic love..

St. Valentine's Day

Professor Oruch has made the case[19] that the traditions associated with "Valentine's Day", documented in Geoffrey Chaucer's Parliament of Foules, and set in the fictional context of an old tradition, had no such tradition before Chaucer. He argues that the speculative explanation of sentimental customs, posing as historical fact, had their origins among eighteenth-century antiquaries, notably Alban Butler, the author of Butler's Lives of Saints, and have been perpetuated even by respectable modern scholars. In the French fourteenth-century manuscript illumination from a Vies des Saints[20] (illustration above), Saint Valentine, bishop of Terni, oversees the construction of his basilica at Terni; there is no suggestion here yet that the bishop was a patron of lovers.

[edit] Relics and liturgical celebration

In 1836, relics that were exhumed from the catacombs of Saint Hippolytus on the Via Tiburtina, then near (rather than inside) Rome, were identified with St Valentine; placed in a casket, they were transported to the Whitefriar Street Carmelite Church in Dublin, Ireland, to which they were donated by Pope Gregory XVI. Many tourists visit the saintly remains on St. Valentine's Day, when the casket is carried in solemn procession to the high altar for a special Mass dedicated to young people and all those in love. Alleged relics of St. Valentine also lie at the reliquary of Roquemaure in France, in the Stephansdom in Vienna and also in Blessed John Duns Scotus' church in the Gorbals area of Glasgow, Scotland. There is also gold reliquary bearing the words 'Corpus St. Valentin, M' (Body of St. Valentine, Martyr) at The Birmingham Oratory, UK in one of the side altars in the main church.

Of greatest interest at this altar is the rich coffin which lies beneath it, containing the body of St. Valentine, a martyr whose relics from the Roman catacombs were given to John Henry Cardinal Newman by Blessed Pius IX in 1847.[21]

The Saint Valentine who is celebrated on February 14 remains in the Catholic Church's official list of saints (the Roman Martyrology), but, in view of the scarcity of information about him, his commemoration was removed from the Roman Catholic calendar of saints for universal liturgical veneration, when this was revised in 1969, but it is included in local calendars of places such as Balzan and Malta, where relics of the saint are claimed to be found. It is kept as a commemoration by Traditionalist Roman Catholics who, in accordance with the authorization given by Pope Benedict XVI's motu proprio Summorum Pontificum of July 7, 2007, use the General Roman Calendar of 1962 and the liturgy of Pope John XXIII's 1962 edition of the Roman Missal, and, as a Simple Feast, by Traditionalist Roman Catholics who use the General Roman Calendar as in 1954.

vote for change!!

2008-02-13T11:15:00.005+02:00

The Parliament have been dissolved. So all of you of age (21 years and above) and have registered to vote.. Get ready and excited for the most empowering few weeks of your life...

Vote with your mind and soul. If you are not happy with no one.. write it on your ballot.. Vote!

This is your chance to make a change in your government and the way you life.

Parliament dissolved, elections on

PUTRAJAYA: Prime Minister Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi has announced that Parliament has been dissolved, paving the way for the 12th general election.

At a hastily convened press conference at his office Wednesday afternoon, he said he had met the Yang Di Pertuan Agong in the morning and received His Majesty's consent to dissolve Parliament.

"I've informed Parliament and the Election Commission," Abdullah said. The state assemblies have also been advised to dissolve.

The Prime Minister declined to speculate on what date Malaysians would cast their ballots, saying that it would be up to the Election Commission (EC) to decide.

"I am confident of winning, and I hope that we will retain our two-thirds majority," he said.

The ruling Barisan Nasional coalition swept to a landslide victory in the last general election in 2004.

Meanwhile, the Election Commission said it would announce polling and nomination day on Thursday at its office in Putrajaya.

The Election Commission held several meetings Wednesday in preparation for the Prime Minister's announcement of the dissolution of Parliament.

“We have got the declaration on the dissolution of Parliament by the Yang Di Pertuan Agong and the announcement of nomination and polling will be done tomorrow," said EC chairman Tan Sri Abdul Rashid Abdul Rahman.

When asked if nomination day was February 21 and election day on March 2nd, he said: “You can speculate anything you want. The official announcement is tomorrow.

“You wait for the official announcement,” he added.

Abdul Rashid also said, "We want to make sure of fairness in this election process. We will ensure the appropriate time and space is given for the parties to choose their candidates and for campaigning."

Election rules
The general election must be held within 60 days of Parliament being dissolved, in accordance with Article 55(4) of the Federal Constitution.

Once Dewan Rakyat is dissolved, the tenure of all MPs automatically ends, which also means that they stop enjoying the privileges, perks, and powers related to their function.

Until the next Parliament is convened, the country is run by a caretaker government.

The caretaker government's role is to keep the government machinery running, and should not involve making policy changes or formulating new legislation.

Thestar online, 13th Feb 2008

A new start for Turkish...

2008-02-10T15:53:00.000+02:00

Alhamdulillah, finally after almost 90 yrs headscarf has been ban in Turkey it finally was revoked. Thank god. the new ruling party (AKP) shows their commitment toward Islam. It's very odd that a country which is compose 99% of Moslem prohibited their people to exercise their right almost a decade, to practice their faith. But the new recent event was a really k.o punch to the secular block. Allahu Akbar!!

Pic:Women with Islamic head scarves, with one of them wearing a paper bag over her scarf, protest against a ban on the wearing scarves in Turkish universities, in Ankara, Turkey, in this Feb. 2, 2008 file photo. Turkey is roiling with debate over just what kind of head scarves will be permitted if a ban on Islamic covering in universities is lifted, with one of influential figure warning that the constitution could become a "fashion magazine.". (AP Photo, File) (AP)

Turkey removes ban on head scarves
Parliament act reflects growth of conservatism

By ZEHRA AYMAN and ELLEN KNICKMEYER
Washington Post

ISTANBUL, TURKEY — Turkey's parliament voted Saturday to end a more than 80-year-old ban on women wearing head scarves at universities, acknowledging the rising influence of conservative Islam in the most determinedly secular republic of the Muslim world.

Tens of thousands of secular Turks marched in the capital, Ankara, against lifting the ban. Many brandished portraits of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, who founded modern Turkey in 1923 with the goal of making it a Westernized, secular republic.

"Turkey is secular and will remain secular," the protesters chanted, swinging poles bearing the red flag of the Turkish republic.

"This is catastrophic," Aylin Tok, a woman with uncovered hair, said in a busy shopping district in Istanbul, Turkey's commercial center. "We are in a minority now," she said, referring to Turkish women who do not cover their hair.

Ataturk, still revered even by many conservative Muslims, outlawed the wearing of Islamic attire at universities and in public offices. The ban stood until Saturday's vote by lawmakers. The governing Justice and Development Party, which is religiously conservative but has won wide support through pragmatic economic policies, holds a majority in parliament. It easily won passage of lifting the ban in a 411 to 103 vote.

Crucially, Turkey's military made no immediate objection to the result. Turks long have regarded generals as the guardians of Ataturk's secular vision for their country. In the past, generals have overthrown Islamic-oriented elected governments they saw as straying from his secular goal.

Last year, generals forced an early national election simply by posting a statement on a military Web site expressing their concern about the rise of the Justice and Development Party. But voters rebuked the generals, making clear in the resulting elections last year that they were increasingly comfortable with conservative Islam and pleased with the party's economic policies.

The government news agency stressed that the style of head scarf legalized in Saturday was not necessarily Islamic.

Justice and Development Party officials have promised to interpret the measure as allowing only head scarves that are tied under the chin, a style seen as traditionally Turkish rather than Islamic. The party says it will not allow women to wear more rigidly Islamic attire — veils that cover all of the hair and neck or the face, or cloaks that cover the body — in public offices.

Opposition parties promised lawsuits to block the measure.

In many ways, the vote was an acknowledgment that Turkey has become a more religiously conservative society.

Sabtu yang chaos

2008-02-09T13:44:00.000+02:00

semalam...jumaat 8 feb, kami kat sini berkenduri. entah macamana tiba-tiba aje ide spontan mamat sekor ni, nuar@pinky@ustaz asri boleh terfikir and topek pulak dengan sukarelanya nak ke rynok (market). hm...5 ekor ayam diorang beli. untuk 9 orang makan. mak ai...cam gergasi. ahli-ahli yang menyertai bekwah semalam ialah aku, majid, topek, mimi, yazed, shahril, zai, pinky n jack.
lepas makan, aku terus kekenyangan and matapun mula la berat. tapi, takpe arr..layan ar dulu bebudak ni. dengar lawak-lawak bodoh bebudak ni. dari lawak medic, lawak general knowledge dan yang paling aku takleh terima ialah lawak akidah.ade ker patut.
memandangkan cuti semdah tak lama lagi (lebih kurang 4 bulan aje lagi) aku dah start usha tiket balik. aku gi la tanya kat kedai-kedai jual tiket. 2ways tiket from Simferopol - K.L via istanbul berharga USD1300.00. via Amsterdam USD1400.00. erm solution yang aku amik ialah beli melalui internet. tiket aku nanti via Bahrain (USD891). plus USD400 2 ways from simferopol jadilah USD1200. jimat la seratus USD. Sponsor tiket aku kali ini tak lain tak bukan ialah Tuan Hj Husain, bapak ku ler. Aku plan nak amik gap 2 hari kat Istanbul. nak jalan-jalan cuci mater sket.

ha...ni lah aku punyer flight itineraries.

Fare type Fare description = Lowest price
ECONOMY SEMI FLEXIBLE Semi flexible economy fares.
Changable and refundable at a charge or without charge. $431.78

Select your flights: Flight options may become available once another fare type is selected.

Please be aware that flights with stop(s) are flights with connection(s)

Outbound: Simferopol - Istanbul
Saturday, June 28, 2008

15:50 Simferopol (SIP)
17:40 Istanbul (IST)
Turkish Airlines (TK)

Return: Istanbul - Simferopol
Sunday, September 07, 2008

17:15 Istanbul (IST)
18:55 Simferopol (SIP)
Turkish Airlines (TK)

* flight details

Total price for all travellers including tax - $431.78
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Review your flight(s)

Flight Depart Arrival Class Check-in
1. GF044 Istanbul(IST)
Sun, 29 Jun - 15.00 Bahrain(BAH)
Sun, 29 Jun - 19.00 Economy 3hr before flight
GF280 Bahrain(BAH)
Sun, 29 Jun - 20.25 Kuala Lumpur(KUL)
Mon, 30 Jun - 09.40 Economy 2hr30min before flight
2. GF281 Kuala Lumpur(KUL)
Sat, 06 Sep - 12.15 Bahrain(BAH)
Sat, 06 Sep - 14.45 Economy 4hr before flight
GF043 Bahrain(BAH)
Sun, 07 Sep - 09.50 Istanbul(IST)
Sun, 07 Sep - 13.55 Economy 2hr30min before flight

Your payment details

1 Adult fare 470.00 Total
EUR 610.92 Friday, February 8, 2008
610.92 Euro = 891.155 US Dollar

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Taxes and Surcharges 140.92

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Istanbul (IST) to Kuala Lumpur KUL
Changes not permitted
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Earn Frequent flyer miles: 25% of the distance flown
20kg baggage allowance

Catatan Perjalanan

2008-02-07T13:07:00.000+02:00

Alhamdulillah, akhirnya aku dah selamat kembali ke Simferopol. Perjalanan dengan train yang lebih kurang 30 jam memeang meletihkan. mujurla aku bole tidur dalam train tu. walaupun tak berapa nyenyak, tapi boleh lelapkan juga. On the pergi ke Kyiv, dalam compartment aku ada 3 orang perempuan. Masalah betul. aku dah mula menggelabah. aku just naik atas bed aku dan duk diam2 sampai pagi aku turun dari bed bila train dah betul2 dekat dengan Kyiv. tu pun setelah diminta untuk keluar kejap. diorang nak salin baju.
Sampai aje di Kyiv, aku cepat-cepat ambil tube ke embassy. yelah, aku janji dengan diorng nak datang pagi. last-last train sampai kul 11.30. aku sampai aje, diorang dah siap tunggu. aku selesaikan urusan aku, aku ke Chinese rynok (market) beli barang-barang sket. macam-macam aku beli. sos tiram, cili boh, taucu, shrimp chip etc. yelah, bukan senang nak jumpe bende-bende tu sume kt Simferopol. lepas tu terus aje aku balik semula ke vokzal (train station). aku duk usha ticket, yang ada kul 8.21 malam aje. sudah, jam baru kul 2.00. erm...nak buat gapo ek?? ade >6 jam lagi. aku naik ke komfortniy zal, and lepak2 kat situ. la, tertido plak.
sedar2 dah kul 4 lebih. aku turn kebawah untuk letak barang kat kamera hranenniya (bilik simpan. on the way aku turun ke bilik tu (bilik tu duk bawah tanah), tiba-tiba ada seorang hamba Allah jatuh kat depan aku. lah, pengsan la plak pakcik ni. orang2 kat sekeliling dah jerit 'we need doctor" (of course dalam bahasa russian. aku pun dengan tak malunye mengaku yang aku doctor.aku pun letak barang-barang aku kt lantai n terus check carotid pulse die erm, ada. sah2 pakcik ni mabuk, coz mulut die ada bau alcohol. anyway, aku terus monitor die punye pulse. takut gak tibe2 cardiopulmonary arrest. aku dah siap2 takut kena buat resussitation. sampai aje medic team aku terus bagi report tentang vital sign die. erm, just cerebral concussion, i guess. erm aku jadi hero beb! pengalaman pertama aku berdepan dengan situasi mcm ni by myself.

CARDIORESPIRATORY ARREST

DEFINITION

Cardiorespiratory arrest is cessation of cardiac and respiratory
function. In practice, the term is also applied to acute severe
cardiorespiratory dysfunction.

Severe dysfunction of either the cardiac or respiratory system, if not
rapidly corrected, will result in failure of the other.

TOXIC CAUSES

Numerous toxic agents may result in cardiorespiratory arrest. This
complication is more likely to occur in poisoning of subjects with
underlying cardirespiratoy disease. Important examples, classified
according to underlying mechanism, include:

Depression of central respiratory drive
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines and other sedative-hypnotic agents
Ethanol
Opioids
Phenothiazines
Propoxyphene
Tricyclic antidepressants

Weakness of respiratory muscles
Botulism
Certain fish and shellfish poisoning (tetrodotoxin, saxitoxin)
Cholinesterase inhibitors (organophosphates/carbamates & nerve
agents)
Curare-like neuromuscular blockers
Snakebite
Strychnine
Tetanus

Non-cardiac pulmonary oedema or pneumonitis
Chlorine and other irritant gases and vapors
Cholinesterase inhibitors (organophosphates/carbamates & nerve
agents)
Paraquat
Phosgene
Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents or petroleum distillates
Salicylates

Decreased cardiac contractility
Barbiturates
Beta adrenergic blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Ergotamines
Type Ia or Ic antiarrhythmics
Tricyclic antidepressants

Hypotension from volume loss
Amanitin-containing mushrooms
Arsenic
Colchicine
Copper sulfate
Iron

Bradycardia or AV block
Beta-adrenergic blockers
Calcium antagonists
Cholinesterase inhibitors (organophosphates/carbamates & nerve
agents)
Digitalis and other cardiac glycosides
Tricyclic antidepressants

Ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation
Amphetamines and related stimulants
Antihistamines (terfenadine and astemizole)
Aromatic and halogenated petroleum distillates
Caffeine
Chloral hydrate
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine
Cocaine
Digitalis and other cardiac glycosides
Fluoride
Phenothiazines (especially thioridazine)
Quinidine and other Type Ia antiarrhythmic agents
Theophylline

Cellular Hypoxia
Carbon Monoxide
Cyanide
Hydrogen Sulfide

NON-TOXIC CAUSES

Anaphylaxis
Cardiac arrhythmias
Cardiac tamponade
Electrolyte disturbances
Hypothermia
Hypovolaemia
Myocardial infarction
Pulmonary Embolus
Sepsis

CLINICAL FEATURES

The patient with cardiopulmonary arrest is usually unresponsive, with
absent or agonal respirations, and absent or barely detectable pulses.
The cardiac monitor may show any rhythm, but most often asystole,
ventricular fibrillation or extreme bradycardia.

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Hypothermia
Vasovagal syncope

RELEVANT INVESTIGATIONS

Treatment takes precedence over investigation in the initial
management of cardiorespiratory arrest.

A cardiac monitor is essential to determine the electrical activity of
the heart and should be applied immediately and followed continuously.

The following investigations may be useful as resuscitation
progresses:

Arterial blood gases
Chest x-ray
ECG
Serum electrolytes including calcium and magnesium
Echocardiography

TREATMENT

The patient must be treated immediately. The priorities in management
are as follows:

a) Establish a secure airway, initially by positioning and
suctioning, then with definitive measures such as
endotracheal intubation.

b) Support breathing by assisting ventilation with a bag-valve
mask device followed by mechanical ventilation. Administer
supplemental oxygen.

c) Obtain intravenous access by the most rapid means possible
and commence continuous cardiac monitoring. Assist the
circulation with closed chest compressions until a
spontaneous cardiac output is re-established. Direct
current cardioversion of toxic ventricular dysrhythmias is
almost never successful and should not take precedence over
correction of hypoxia, external cardiac compression and
administration of specific antidotes. External or
transvenous cardiac pacing may be useful in severe
bradycardias.

d) Drugs: Atropine and adrenalin should be administered
according to standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation
guidelines.

Where the causative toxin is known or suspected, the following
specific antidotes are indicated:

Beta blockers Glucagon
Calcium channel blockers Calcium, Glucagon
Cardiac Glycosides Digoxin-specific Fab fragments
Chloral Hydrate Beta-blockers
Caffeine, Theophylline Beta-blockers
Hydrofluoric Acid Calcium
Organophosphorus agents Atropine, Oximes
Tricyclic antidepressants Sodium Bicarbonate
Type 1a/1c antiarrhythmics Sodium Bicarbonate

CLINICAL COURSE AND MONITORING

Not all patients who develop cardiorespiratory arrest will survive the
acute resuscitation. However, the prognosis for cardiorespiratory
arrest of toxic origin is, especially in young otherwise healthy
subjects, often more favourable than that of arrest from other causes.
A good outcome is possible even after very prolonged resuscitation.
The clinical course is dependent on the underlying agent. Intensive
monitoring and support of cardiorespiratory function is necessary
until toxicity resolves.

LONG TERM COMPLICATIONS

Hypoxic brain injury
Myocardial infarction

Cinta Seorang Lelaki

2008-02-05T12:22:00.000+02:00

"Bila lelaki benar-benar jatuh cinta dan setia pada kekasihnya dengan ikhlas, perubahan sikapnya amat mengejutkan. Hati lelaki yang dianggap keras selama ini, tiba-tiba secara semulajadi menjadi selembut kapas apabila sudah jatuh cinta dengan relanya. Bahkan lelaki yang mabuk cinta sanggup berkorban dan buat apa sahaja untuk kekasihnya.

Sekeras manapun hati lelaki ia akan mengalirkan air mata apabila hatinya dilukai. Untuk melihat lelaki menangis amatlah payah. Diantara tanda-tanda lelaki yang jatuh cinta dengan hebat ialah:

1. Dia bersungguh-sungguh melakukan sesuatu untuk kekasihnya dengan rela bukan kerana terpaksa.
2. Dia sentiasa ingin menghiburkan kekasihnya dan berubah menjadi orang yang kuat bercakap.
3. Dia banyak menasihati kekasihnya kerana dia amat menyayangi kekasihnya.
4. Dia berusaha mengongkong kebebasan kekasihnya kerana perasaan cemburunya yang meluap-luap.
5. Dia sentiasa takut kehilangan kekasihnya.
6. Dia sentiasa mengawasi pergerakan kekasihnya kerana dia sentiasa berasa curiga.
7. Dia tidak suka ada lelaki lain rapat dengan kekasihnya.
8. Dia mudah merasa cemburu dan sensitif apabila kekasihnya tidak menumpukan sepenuh perhatian kepadanya.
9. Adakalanya dia seperti seorang anak kecil yang meminta perhatian kerana dia mahu kekasihnya melayannya lebih dari orang lain.
10. Dia menjadi orang yang paling rajin dan sanggup membantu kekasihnya melakukan apa saja.
11. Dia pandai merajuk hati kerana ingin dipujuk oleh kekasihnya.
12. Dia akan menggelabah apabila kekasihnya berjauhan daripanya terlalu lama.
13. Dia sentiasa mempastikan keselamatan kekasihnya.
14. Dia mementingkan kekasihnya daripada dirinya
sendiri.
15. Dia kerap bertanya adakah kekasihnya mencintainya kerana dia merasa kasihnya lebih kuat daripada kekasihnya.
16. Dia tidak akan melayan perempuan lain yang tidak ada urusan penting dengannya.
17. Dia cuba meluangkan lebih banyak masa dengan kekasihnya walaupun terpaksa menunggu kekasihnya dengan sabar.
18. Dia membanggakan kekasihnya di depan orang lain.
19. Kalau ditinggalkan oleh kekasihnya, ia akan berasa serik dan tidak percaya dengan cinta perempuan lain namun dia sentiasa mengharap
kekasihnya kembali kepadanya.
20. Apabila timbul orang ketiga,dia akan hilang akal dan sanggup berbuat apa saja untuk merebut kembali kekasihnya.
21. Dia menganggap kekasihnya sebagai orang yang paling dipercayainya dan sanggup menyerahkan harta walaupun nyawanya sendiri.
22. Dia tidak akan berlaku curang kepada kekasihnya namun jikalau dia berbuat demikian itu bererti hatinya belum 100 % mencintai kekasihnya.
23. Bukan semua lelaki sanggup menitiskan airmata hanya untuk seorang perempuan.

HARGAILAH MEREKA.

credit:syahbi

Aku bermusafir

2008-02-05T01:03:00.000+02:00

assalamualaikum wbt,
hari ni aku akan ke Kyiv (ibu negara Ukraine). nak ke embassy, ambik passport aku. semalam aku call, si Igor (P.A Embassador) tu kata dah siap dan aku bole datang amik passport aku. so, train adalah pilihan utama aku. selain daripada murah, train juga aku kategorikan sebagai sebuah pengangkutan yang agak selesa. perjalan ke Kyiv biasanya mengambil masa selama 13-15jam. biasanya, aku akan ambil overnight train. dari Simferopol, aku biasa bertolak petang and akan sampai ke Kyiv pagi-pagi buta. aku akan ambil metro ke Embassy. Dari stesen zalizhnitsaha (railway), aku akan ke stesen Khreshatik turun kat Maidan yang bersejarah tu. Dari sini, aku akan buat pertukaran train ke stesen Levedskaya. erm, aku ingat nak shopping kt Chinese market esok. duit lagi. Bankrup ah camni. aku ada USD200 aje lagi kt tgn. nak sampai ujung bulan. bole tahan ke tidak, aku sendiri tak tau arr.

pict1: Ni la rupa train station Simferopol

pict2: lebih kurang gini arr rupenye train yang akan aku naiki untuk ke Kyiv

Doa bermusafir:

اَلله ُ أَكْبَرُ ، اَلله ُ أَكْبَرُ ، اَلله ُ أَكْبَرُ سُبْحَاْنَ الَّذِيْ سَخَّرَ لَنَاْ هٰذَا وَمَاْ كُنَّاْ لَهُ مُقْرِنِيْنَ وَإِنَّاْ إِلـٰى رَبِّنَاْ لَمُنْقَلِبُوْنَ ‏‏اَللّهُمَّ إِنَّاْ نَسْأَلُكَ فِيْ سَفَرِنَاْ هٰذَا الْبِرَّ‏ وَالتَّقْوَى وَمِنَ الْعَمَلِ مَاْ ‏ ‏تَرْضٰى ، اَللّهُمَّ هَوِّنْ عَلَيْنَاْ‏ سَفَرِنَاْ هَذَا‏ وَاطْوِ عَنَّاْ بُعْدَهُ ،‏ اَللّهُمَّ أَنْتَ الصَّاْحِبُ فِيْ السَّفَرِ‏ وَالْخَلِيْفَةُ فِيْ‏ اﻷَهْلِ ‏،‏ اَللّهُمَّ‏ إِنِّيْ أَعُوْذُ بِكَ مِنْ ‏ ‏وَعْثَاْءِِ‏ الْسَّفَرِ وَكَا ٰبَةِ الْمَنْظَرِ وَسُوْءِ ‏ ‏الْمُنْقَلَبِ فِيْ الْمَاْلِ وَاﻷَهْل

Hypertension: Blood Pressure Basics
What is hypertension? What causes hypertension and what are the symptoms?

Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against blood vessel walls. The heart pumps blood into the arteries (blood vessels), which carry the blood throughout the body. High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is dangerous because it makes the heart work harder to pump blood to the body and it contributes to hardening of the arteries or atherosclerosis and the development of heart failure.
What Is "Normal" Blood Pressure?

There are several categories of blood pressure, including:

* Normal: Less than 120/80
* Prehypertension: 120-139/80-89
* Stage 1 hypertension: 140-159/90-99
* Stage 2 hypertension: 160 and above/100 and above

People whose blood pressure is above the normal range should consult their doctor about methods for lowering it.
What Causes Hypertension?

The exact causes of hypertension are not known. Several factors and conditions may play a role in its development, including:

* Smoking
* Being overweight
* Lack of physical activity
* Too much salt in the diet
* Too much alcohol consumption (no more than 1 to 2 drinks per day)
* Stress
* Older age
* Genetics
* Family history of high blood pressure
* Chronic kidney disease
* Adrenal and thyroid disorders

What Are the Symptoms of Hypertension?

There are usually no symptoms or signs of hypertension. In fact, nearly one-third of those who have it don't know it. The only way to know if you have hypertension definitely is to have your blood pressure checked.

If your blood pressure is extremely high, there may be certain symptoms to look out for, including:

* Severe headache
* Fatigue or confusion
* Vision problems
* Chest pain
* Difficulty breathing
* Irregular heartbeat
* Blood in the urine

Who Is More Likely to Develop Hypertension?

* People with family members who have high blood pressure.
* People who smoke.
* African-Americans.
* Women who are pregnant.
* Women who take birth control pills.
* People over the age of 35.
* People who are overweight or obese.
* People who are not active.
* People who drink alcohol excessively.
* People who eat too many fatty foods or foods with too much salt.

How Is Hypertension Diagnosed?

Your health care provider can tell if you have hypertension by checking your blood pressure with a special meter called a sphygmomanometer, which consists of a stethoscope, arm cuff, dial, pump, and valve. You can also measure your own blood pressure at home. You should have your blood pressure checked at least once a year to make sure you don't have hypertension.
What Health Problems Are Associated With Hypertension?

Hypertension is a serious condition that can damage the heart and blood vessels, and can eventually lead to several other conditions, including:

* Stroke
* Heart failure
* Heart attack
* Kidney failure
* Vision problems

How Is Hypertension Treated?

Hypertension is typically treated by making changes in your lifestyle, and with drug therapy. Lifestyle changes include losing weight, stopping smoking, eating a healthy diet (such as the DASH diet, which includes lowering sodium but including daily servings of fruits, vegetables, and whole grain foods), and getting enough exercise, especially aerobic exercise.

Several types of drugs are available to treat hypertension, including ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), diuretics, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers.

for article of hypertension in Bahasa melayu, please visit this link
http://bilikini.blogspot.com/2008/01/darah-tinggi.html

credit to DBI

Bosang...Part3

2008-02-04T14:32:00.000+02:00

aku bosan betul...so bole la aku selalu masuk menjenguk blog aku ni...ye la sebelum aku malas(maksud aku, takde masa).
“Rebutlah lima perkara sebelum datang lima perkara lain, yaitu masa muda engkau sebelum datangnya hari tua, masa sehat engkau sebelum dilanda sakit, masa kaya engkau sebelum masa miskinmu, masa lapang engkau sebelum datangnya waktu sibuk, dan masa hidup engkau sebelum datangnya saat kematian.” (Hadith Riwayat Muslim dan Tirmizi dari Amru bin Maimun r.a.)
kalau kita renung hadith di atas, maka nya kita dapat melihat yang fokus utama hadith tersebut adalah masa.kenapa masa? ya saudara-saudara ku sekelian, masa adalah sesuatu yang amat berharga dalam hidup kita. sekali ianya datang, maka ianya takkan berulang. yang lepas hanya memori, yang akan mendatang itu yang hanya Allah swt ketahui, semuanya dalam khazanah Allah. Oleh itu, gunakan masa yang Allah anugerahkan kepada kita dengan sebaik-baiknya. Dalam Al-Quran, Allah swt ada beberapa kali menyebut tentang masa. antaranya ialah, wal-asr, wal-fajr, wa-ad-dhuha, wal-laili etc. jelas, kepentingan masa itu mesti dititik berat oleh setiap umat islam.

"Demi masa. Sesungguhnya manusia itu benar-benar berada dalam kerugian, kecuali orang-orang yang beriman dan mengerjakan amal saleh dan nasihat menasihati supaya menaati kebenaran dan nasihat menasihati supaya menetapi kesabaran" QS 103.1

Jelas, Allah swt memberi panduan bagaimana kita perlu memenuhi tuntutan waktu kita. iaitulah dengan mengerjakan amal-amal soleh, iaitu perkara-perkara yang membawa kepada kebaikan. itu adalah rahsia menuju kepada kejayaan.

aku ni bukan alim sangat. tapi ape yang aku tahu, insyaAllah akan aku cuba sampaikan. "Sampaikan pada ku walau satu ayat"...al-hadith. pandanglah kepada apa yang dikata bukan kepada siapa yang berkata...wallahua'lam.

BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK

Bundle branch block (BBB) is a relatively frequent finding on the electrocardiogram (ECG). Sometimes BBB itself needs to be treated; sometimes it indicates significant underlying cardiac disease that needs to be treated; and sometimes it has so little significance that no treatment is necessary at all. In this article, we will review bundle branch block, its significance, and its treatment.
What are the bundle branches, and what do they do?
The bundle branches are an important part of the cardiac electrical system, the system that coordinates muscular contraction to assure that the heart works efficiently as a pump.
The Normal Cardiac Electrical System

Figure 1 - The Normal Electrical System: AVN = AV node, His = His bundle, RBB = right bundle branch, LBB = left bundle branch, RA = right atrium, RV = right ventricle, LA = left atrium, LV = left ventricle

To summarize, the heart’s electrical impulse originates in the in the sinus node in the upper right atrium, then spreads across both atria, then travels through the AV node. Leaving the AV node, the electrical impulse penetrates into the ventricles via the His bundle. From the His bundle, the electrical impulse enters the two “bundle branches” (the right and the left). The right and left bundle branches send the electrical impulse to the right and left ventricle, respectively. When the bundle branches are functioning normally, the right and left ventricles contract nearly simultaneously.

Figure 2 - The Normal QRS Complex

In this image of a normal ECG, the QRS complex represents the electrical impulse as it is being distributed, via the bundle branch system, throughout the ventricles. Since normally both ventricles receive the electrical impulse at the same time, the normal QRS complex is relatively narrow (generally less than 0.1 second in duration.)

Figure 3 - Normal Bundle Branch Conduction

To form this normal QRS complex, the electrical impuse needs to travel to both ventricles at the same time. The in this figure, purple arrows indicate the electrical impulse, traveling down the bundle branches and causing the ventricles to beat simultaneously.

BBB occurs when one of the bundle branches becomes diseased or damaged, and stops conducting electrical impulses; that is, a bundle branch becomes “blocked.” The chief effect of a bundle branch block is to disrupt the normal, coordinated and simultaneous distribution of the electrical signal to the two ventricles.

Right bundle branch block (RBBB)
In RBBB, the right bundle branch no longer conducts electricity. Therefore, as the electrical impulse leaves the His bundle, it enters left bundle branch only, and is carried to the left ventricle. Then, from the left ventricle, the electrical impulse finally makes its way to the right ventricle. As a result, the two ventricles no longer receive the electrical impulse simultaneously. First the left ventricle receives the electrical impulse, then the right.
Left Bundle Branch Block

Figure 4 - Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB)

In LBBB, the opposite occurs. Here, the left bundle branch no longer conducts electricity. The electrical impulse thus enters right bundle branch, and is carried to the right ventricle (first panel). From there, it finally spreads to the left ventricle (second panel). Once again, the two ventricles no longer receive the electrical impulse simultaneously. First the right ventricle receives the electrical impulse, then the left.

With either type of BBB, therefore, the electrical signal spreads across the ventricles sequentially, as opposed to simultaneously. This sequential spread of the impulse (i.e., first the right ventricle, then the left – or vice versa) means that it takes longer for the impulse to reach throughout the ventricles.

Figure 5 - The ECG in BBB

In Figure 5, the top image shows a normal QRS complex. The middle figure shows RBBB, and the bottom figure shows LBBB. Note that with both kinds of bundle branch block, the QRS is wide and misshapen. The characteristic shapes of the QRS complex allow doctors to determine whether the right or the left bundle branch is blocked.

Why does the QRS complex change in BBB? The QRS represents the spread of the heart’s electrical impulse across the right and left ventricles. Because with BBB the ventricles receive the electrical impulse one after another instead of at the same time, it takes longer to form the QRS complex on the ECG. The QRS complex is said to “widen.” Also, since the pattern of the spreading of the electrical impulse is abnormal in BBB, the pattern of the QRS complex is also abnormal.
What is the significance of bundle branch block?
BBB is quite common, and occurs in a variety of medical conditions. RBBB occurs in medical conditions that affect the right side of the heart or the lungs, so a finding of RBBB on the ECG ought to trigger a screening exam for such conditions. These include blood clots to the lung (pulmonary embolus), chronic lung disease, cardiomyopathy, and atrial and ventricular septal defects. However, RBBB also commonly occurs in normal, healthy individuals, and the screening exam therefore often turns up no medical problems. In these cases, the RBBB has no apparent medical significance, and can be written off as a “normal variant,” and safely ignored.

In contrast, LBBB usually indicates underlying cardiac pathology. It is seen in dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypertension, aortic valve disease, coronary artery disease, and a variety of other cardiac conditions. While occasionally LBBB occurs in apparently healthy people, its appearance should trigger a thorough search (as opposed to a simple screening) for underlying cardiac problems.

If both the right and left bundle branches are completely blocked (i.e., "bilateral" BBB), the electrical impulse cannot reach the ventricles. In this case, unless spontaneous electrical impulses arise within the ventricles (a so-called “escape rhythm”), the ventricles stop beating and death occurs. Fortunately, this form of “complete heart block” is relatively uncommon.

In summary, the major significance of BBB is that it may indicate the presence of previously unknown underlying cardiovascular disease. When BBB is found, therefore, a search for such underlying disease ought to be carried out. Since RBBB often occurs in normal individuals while LBBB usually indicates underlying disease, the search for underlying disease generally should be more aggressive with LBBB than with RBBB.
Part 4 - Incomplete BBB, the Hemiblocks, and Treating BBB
Incomplete BBB
Sometimes either the right or the left bundle branch conducts the electrical impulse more slowly than normal, but is not completely blocked. When this occurs, on the side of the slow conduction, the electrical impulse arrives in the ventricle slightly later than normal. As a result, the QRS complex is slightly wider than normal, but not as wide as it would be with a complete BBB. This slight widening of the QRS is often called incomplete BBB. (Another name for it is an “intraventricular conduction defect," or an IVCD.)

Incomplete bundle branch block sometimes indicates underlying heart disease. But, especially when it occurs on the right side (i.e., incomplete RBBB,) it often has no significance at all. So in general, incomplete bundle branch block should trigger a non-invasive search for underlying heart disease. If none is found, no further tests or treatment are needed.
The Hemiblocks
The left bundle branch itself divides into two major branches – the anterior and the posterior fascicles. Sometimes block can occur in just one of these fascicles. Such blockage is referred to as a hemiblock, or a fascicular block. (Note that the right bundle branch does not divide into discrete fascicles.)

When blockage is in the anterior fascicle, left anterior hemiblock (or left anterior fascicular block) is said to be present; whereas if the blockage occurs in the posterior fascicle, then left posterior hemiblock (or left posterior fascicular block) is said to be present.

Hemiblock generally does not widen the QRS complex, but instead changes the pattern of the QRS complex. (It alters the “axis” of the QRS complex. The axis is calculated by measuring the pattern of the QRS complex on several of the 12 leads acquired on a standard ECG.)

In general, finding a hemiblock should trigger a search for underlying heart disease. Often none is found, in which case the hemiblock can be ignored.
Treating BBB
As we have noted, the heart depends on the bundle branches. Without them, the electrical impulse is not delivered to the ventricles. Block in both bundle branches, therefore (a condition called complete heart block,) can be fatal.

Fortunately, it is quite uncommon for stable RBBB or LBBB to progress to complete heart block. Thus, despite the fact that BBB is a common finding on routine ECGs, it is an uncommon reason for implanting pacemakers.

Still, there are a few conditions in which people with bundle branch block require pacemakers:

1) When “conduction system disease” is bilateral, and is associated with a heart attack:We have previously noted that RBBB plus left anterior hemiblock should not be particularly alarming. This is true except in this one instance – where the block occurs acutely with a heart attack. Here, the conduction system disease tends to be unstable, and can progress to complete heart block. These patients often need pacemakers.

2) When bundle branch block is associated with syncope (loss of consciousness):When a patient with bundle branch block experiences syncope, in general an electrophysiology study should be considered to test for impending complete heart block. A permanent pacemaker eliminates the problem.

3) In certain patients with dilated cardiomyopathy:In patients who have dilated cardiomyopathy and either complete or incomplete bundle branch block, a new form of pacing – called cardiac resynchronization pacing or CRT – has now been shown to improve symptoms and to prolong life. CRT should now be strongly considered in any patient with heart failure and bundle branch block. Click here to read more about CRT.

As we have seen, bundle branch block causes the ventricles to beat sequentially (one after another) instead of simultaneously. This discoordination of the normal pattern of ventricular contraction diminishes the efficiency of the heart beat. In a person with a normal heart, the loss of efficiency is inconsequential. But in a person with dilated cardiomyopathy this loss of efficiency can be critical, and can contribute greatly to symptoms of heart failure. Resynchronization pacing restores much of this efficiency by pacing both the right and left ventricles simultaneously. In patients who have heart failure from dilated cardiomyopathy and bundle branch block, resynchronization pacing has become an important component to therapy.

Isnin yang syahdu...

2008-02-04T02:02:00.000+02:00

Assalamualaikum wbt,
erm...sedar tak sedar dah bulan febuari. kelas aku pun akan mula next week. kalau mase sekolah dulu sibuk ah mengira hari untuk balik kampung. maklumla, budak asrama. la ni sume tu aku dah tinggalkan. dah dewasa agaknya. aku pun bukan muda sangat pun.
winter dah pun nak sampai ke penghujungnya. next month start spring. ah...akhirnya, winter yang aku tak suka tu akan berlalu juga. sepatutnya aku enjoy winter, yelah aku ade lagi 2 kali winter aje untuk dinikmati. tapi nak buat camner, aku memang tak minat winter. sejuk, takleh tahan la... tiap-tiap kali winter, suhu mesti sampai -15°C - -25°C. mana boleh tahan. aku rase sampai jadi aiskrim beb. pernah sekali tu, suhunya mencecah sampai -40°C. sampai istihar darurat kt sini. ramai juga yang terkorban disebabkan sejuk ni. mase tu ada lebih kurang 130 orang yang mati sejuk ni. bayangkan
bila masuk spring ni, aku suka sangat tengok bunga tulip. cantik betul. yelah, bunga tulip ni mana ada jumpe kat malaysia. rasa-rasanya kalau nk tengok kt taman pertanian bukit cahaya seri alam la.

tu pun aku tengok mase aku pegi rombongan sekolah masa aku darjah 4. taman tu ada lagi ke tidak entah, sebab masa aku buat final projek kat UiTM dulu hutan dalam tu la yang aku redah untuk cari specimen. actually, aku tolong pensyarah aku cari pokok untuk pensyarah aku buat PhD. projek aku lain. aku kena extract bacteriacidal substances from fungus. aku extract bende alah tu from coletitricum spp. aku isolate from chilli.

cuti aku ada berbaki beberapa hari lagi. erm...taktau ahh ape aku nk buat sepanjang beberapa hari lagi ni. selain dari ke kyiv, aku tak dapat piki ape lagi aktiviti berfaedah untuk aku buat. rase2nya, aku akan tido sepanjang hari kot. ataupun habiskan hafazan al-quran aku. ha...buat pengetahuan korang, aku join huffaz club. tapi, aku rase aku la member yang paling sampah sekali. paling malas turun surau and paling sikit ngafal. aduh, naik malu aku dengan ustaz ali dan ustaz muizuddin. ape2pun, aku cuba gak ngafal quran ni, coz aku rase itu lah yang patut setiap muslim buat. kalau tak kita yang baca, hafal dan amalkan al-quran tu, makanya kepada siapa lagi kita nak harap?? "sebaik-baik kamu adalah yang belajar al-quran dan mengajarnya" al-hadith. aku memang takde plan untuk mengajar al-quran macam ustaz-ustaz. tapi, masa hadapan, aku pasti perlu mengajar al-quran kepada anak-anak aku. atau jika tiba-tiba aku ditanya tentang al-quran, ape yang perlu aku jawab? nak jawab tak tahu. malulah sebagai aku mengaku sebagai orang islam jika tak mampu menerangkan asas perundangan islam yang ada dalam al-quran. aku harap, aku dapat balik kekuatan aku untuk habiskan hafalan aku. Ya Allah, bantu aku!

In-team - kehidupan. lagu ni memang best!!

Atrioventricular block

1. Pathophysiology
1. Impaired conduction in Atria, AV node or His-Purkinje
2. Types: First Degree Atrioventricular Node Block

1. Causes
1. Normal finding in >1% of healthy adults
2. Increased vagal tone
3. Digitalis affect
2. Findings
1. Regular narrow-complex rhythm at 40-60 beats/minute
2. Prolonged PR interval >0.20 seconds
3. Treatment: None needed
3. Types: Second Degree Atrioventricular Node Block
1. Also known as Sinoatrial Exit Block
2. Type I Second Degree Atrioventricular Node Block
1. Known as Mobitz I or Wenckeback Block
2. Acute condition affecting AV Node
3. Causes
1. Inferior Myocardial Infarction
2. Rheumatic Fever
3. Digitalis Toxicity
4. Increased vagal tone
5. Beta Blocker
4. Response to Maneuvers
1. Improves in response to Atropine and Exercise
2. Worsens with carotid massage
5. EKG Findings
1. Progressive increase PR interval until beat dropped
2. Cycle repeats after beat dropped
3. Type II Second Degree Atrioventricular Node Block
1. Known as Mobitz II Block
2. Chronic condition affects infranodal conduction path
3. Causes
1. Anteroseptal Myocardial Infarction
2. Lenegre Disease
3. Lev Disease
4. CardioMyopathy
4. Response to Maneuvers
1. Worsens in response to Atropine and Exercise
2. Improves with carotid massage
5. EKG Findings
1. No change in PR interval
2. Regularly dropped Q waves at consistent interval
3. Patterns: 2 to 1, 3 to 1 or 4 to 1
6. Prognosis
1. Worse than Mobitz I Block
2. May progress to complete Heart Block
7. Management
1. Pacemaker indicated
4. Types: Third Degree Atrioventricular Node Block

1. Complete electrical and mechanical AV dissociation
2. P and QRS waves are present but unrelated
3. Subtypes
1. Congenital Third Degree AV Node Block
1. Narrow complex escape rhythm at 45 to 60 bpm
2. Associated with limited Exercise tolerance
2. Acquired Third Degree AV Node Block
1. Wide complex escape beat at 30 to 45 bpm
2. Hemodynamic instability requires stabilization
1. Transcutaneous pacing

bosang...bah.2

2008-02-02T03:44:00.000+02:00

tengah hari tadi, kira-kira 2 jam selepas aku bangun tido (al-maklumlah, cuti sem, kena penuhi dengan aktiviti yang bermanfaat) kawan aku pn balik dari maen ski. wah...sume bercerita pasal ski. salji tebal la, snow boarding la, bla bla...ah...bosan ah. mereka balik dengan keadaan yang happy (walaupun ramai yang trauma sebab eccident mase main ski), aku pun happy gak beb. coz tido adalah sesuatu yang amat aku gemari. dalam kelas, dalam lecture, tengok tv, membaca dan mase tengah bercakap pun kadang-kadang aku bole tertidur...tapi janganla samakan aku dengan Pak Lah.
habis sume website aku jelajahi...ah..bosan gak. buka tv, bosan gak. ish-ish, naik jemu aku duk kt bilik ni..last-last aku buat revision. hm...membaca pn salah satu hobby aku gak ape. so aku membaca la pasal ECG. minat betul aku ngan ECG ni. aku tak la bercite-cite menjadi seorang cardiologist (pakar jantung). cadangan aku, lepas grad nanti kerja barang 2-3 tahun, pastu aku nak buat post graduate. aku minat sangat dengan traumatology, takpun emergency medicine (ni sume gara-gara banyak sangat menonton grey's anatomy dan e.r). tapi cerita-cerita tersebut aku rasa ada gak mendatang faedah pada aku. yelah, ari tu mase prakticle kt HTAA kuantan, aku duk kt emergency department. saje-saje ah nak duk kt situ. suddenly, datang satu case budak lelaki melayu complaint of palpitation (erm..aku tak tau ar ape org melayu panggil, tp lebih kurang camni ar...budak tu tiba2 aje rase jantung die berdegup dengan kadar yang sangat laju). budak ni baru umur 16thn. ada history I.E (infective endocarditis). apalagi, dr kt citu order ar ECG. finding...supraventricular tachycardia. doctor tu pun tanya aku (saje je nk uji aku): what should we do?? aku cakap kalau tak salah saya buat carotid sinus massage. betulla plak..hehehe. kembang kempis hidung aku ni...die tanya aku, mana awak baca pasal ni?? aku cakap aku tengok dalam grey's anatomy. bayangkan, begitu sekali aku menghayati citer grey's anatomy ni (of course la aku akan confirm balik dengan buku lepas aku tengok). hehehe...aku duk tunggu citer grey's ni dah agak lama. kalau x salah aku, episode sebelum ini released on 10th jan. kat2 sebulan yang lepas. aku chek td, grey's kuar ari ni..yeye, seronok. penantian satu penyeksaan beb. dan pastinye penyeksaan aku berakhir sebentar aje lagi...
oh ya. dalam kul lapan lebih td, aku escort syazwan (roomate aku) pegi buat x-ray kaki die...ni sume gara-gara main snow board. ade ke die pegi langgar pokok. lah, pokok yang x gerak tu pun ko pergi langgar, ape kes..langgar la lori balak ker, tak pun ko pegi langgar militsia (polis) kt tepi jalan tu...lagi baik. berbalik kepada kisah kawan aku td, aku pun ikut la mamat ni. doktor-doktor kt trauma bay tu bapak la sombong nye. apela, diorg ni tak belaja deontology kot! malas ah aku nk cite ape yang diorg buat, tp memang takleh diterima akal. sampah betul! ko kalau tanak jadi doktor pegi la jual bulochka (roti), tak pun pirazhok (pie) kt tepi jalan!! kalau nak jadi doktor, buat cara nk jadi doktor. hah, tension aku dengan mentaliti russian-russian kat cni...

SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA

upraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is an abnormal fast heart rhythm that starts in the upper chambers, or the atria, of the heart. ("Supraventricular" means above the ventricles, "tachy" means fast, and "cardia" means heart.)

Normally, the heart's electrical system precisely controls the rhythm and rate at which the heart beats. In supraventricular tachycardia, abnormal electrical connections (or abnormal firing of the connections) cause the heart to beat too fast. Typically, during supraventricular tachycardia episodes, the heart speeds up to rates of 150 to 200 beats per minute and occasionally as high as 300. After some time, the heart returns to a normal rate (60 to 100 beats per minute) on its own or after treatment.

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is also called paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) or paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT).
What are the different types of supraventricular tachycardia?

Sometimes it is normal to have an increased heart rate-for example, during exercise, with a high fever, or when under stress. This fast heart rate, called sinus tachycardia, is a normal response to these stressors and is not considered a medical problem. This topic addresses the types of supraventricular tachycardias that are considered abnormal. These include:

* Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), the most common type (after atrial fibrillation).
* Atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT), including Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

What causes supraventricular tachycardia?

Most supraventricular tachycardia results from abnormal electrical connections in the heart that short-circuit the normal electrical system. What causes these abnormal pathways is not clear. In the case of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, the condition may be inherited.

Overly high levels of the heart medicine digoxin (such as Lanoxicaps or Lanoxin) can cause some types of supraventricular tachycardia (such as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome) to get worse. However, digoxin may be used to treat some other types of SVT (such as atrial fibrillation). In rare cases, conditions that affect the lungs-such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or pneumonia-can also cause a type of SVT called multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT).

What are the symptoms?

With supraventricular tachycardia, you may have palpitations, an uncomfortable feeling that your heart is racing or pounding. You may also notice that your pulse is rapid or see or feel your pulse pounding, especially at your neck, where large arteries are close to the skin. Additional symptoms include feeling dizzy or lightheaded, near-fainting or fainting (syncope), shortness of breath, chest pain, throat tightness, and sweating.
How is supraventricular tachycardia diagnosed?

A description of your symptoms is one of the most important clues in diagnosing supraventricular tachycardia. Your doctor will ask what, if anything, triggers the episodes, how long they last, if they start and stop suddenly, whether anything stops them, and whether the beats are regular or irregular. Because supraventricular tachycardia is a problem with your heart's electrical system, the most important test is an electrocardiogram (EKG, ECG). An EKG measures the heart's electrical activity and can record supraventricular tachycardia episodes. An EKG is usually done along with a medical history and physical examination, lab tests, and a chest X-ray.

If you do not have an episode of supraventricular tachycardia while at the doctor's office, your doctor will probably ask you to wear a portable EKG to record your heart rhythm on a continuous basis. This is referred to by several names, including ambulatory electrocardiogram, ambulatory ECG, Holter monitoring, 24-hour EKG, or cardiac event monitoring. This will allow your heart rhythm to be recorded while you are having supraventricular tachycardia.

Your doctor may also recommend an electrophysiology (EP) study. In this test, flexible wires are inserted into a vein, usually in the groin, and threaded into the heart. Electrodes at the end of the wires send information about the heart's electrical activity. In this way, the EP study can map any abnormal electrical activity, identify the type of supraventricular tachycardia you have, and guide treatment.

How is it treated?

Some supraventricular tachycardias do not cause symptoms and may not need treatment. However, when symptoms occur, treatment is usually recommended.

What is recommended to treat an episode of SVT?

* Treatment must only be undertaken in hospital, as full ECG monitoring and resuscitation facilities are needed.
* Vagal manoeuvres (e.g. Valsalva, carotid massage, facial immersion in cold water) may terminate an episode of SVT.
* Intravenous drug treatment is required if vagal manoeuvres fail:
o Intravenous adenosine is the treatment of choice except for people with severe asthma. Adenosine has a rapid onset and short half-life. It blocks conduction through the AV node.
o Intravenous verapamil, although effective, is rarely used now. It has a more prolonged action than adenosine on blocking AV node conduction, and there is a risk of prolonged depression of ventricular function, especially if the person is taking a beta-blocker. It still has a place if adenosine is contraindicated (e.g. in somebody with severe asthma) [Chun and Sung, 1995; Ganz and Friedman, 1995].
* DC cardioversion is the most effective and rapid treatment if the person is haemodynamically unstable.

Which treatments are recommended to prevent further episodes of SVT?

* Long-term preventative treatment is not required in all people. The frequency and severity of the episodes of SVT need to be balanced against the risks of long-term therapy.
* The choice of maintenance therapy depends on the underlying type of SVT.
* Anti-arrhythmic drug therapy is used in many people to prevent further episodes. The choice of which drug (from which anti-arrhythmic class) for the different types of SVT is beyond the scope of this guidance. All anti-arrhythmic drugs have adverse effects, and, as they need to be taken long-term, it is important to consider referral for consideration of radiofrequency catheter ablation.
* Radiofrequency catheter ablation is associated with a high success rate and low complication rate for people with SVT. Radiofrequency catheter ablation is indicated in the following situations:
o As first-line therapy as a curative option.
o If the SVT is refractory to anti-arrhythmic drug therapy.
o If the person is intolerant of anti-arrhythmic drug therapy.
o If anti-arrhythmic drug therapy is contraindicated.

cuti semester

2008-02-02T02:15:00.001+02:00

Alhamdulillah...akhirnya tamat sudah winter practicle aku. setelah berhempas pulas siapkan dnevnik, study ECG and lab, alhamdulillah, Allah mudahkan urusan aku (kire2 pass ar). tapi selepas keluar asap la dari kepala batu aku ni. (من جد وجد) "sesiapa yang berusaha, maka dia akan berjaya". Hmm..puas ati aku, tak penat aku study macam org giler.
Terfikir gak, ape yg aku patut buat utk memenuhkan 10 hari yang diberi sebelum mula sem baru. selain dr ke Kyiv utk kutip passport aku, aku rase aktiviti yang paling ideal ialah >> tido. Tetapi, ada beberapa lagi yang aku consider sesuai, tapi kena aku ade 4 exams yang aku agak boleh menyebabkan aku bercakap sorang-sorang macam Mr Lee Hung Kiong (pensyarah industrial microbiology aku masa aku study kt UiTM). Mr Lee ni kalau jalan mesti die cakap sorang-sorang. isim kot, tak pun die bercakap dengan antu raya... Paling menakutkan, aku hutang pensyarah therapy aku case history sem lepas (kire2 belum hantar lg la ni). memang cari pasal. by the way, 4 exams yang aku maksudkan itu ialah: Internal Medicine, Neurology, Pediatric dan Psychiatry...

FULL BLOOD COUNT (FBC)

The full blood count (FBC), sometimes referred to as a full blood examination or complete blood count, is one of the most commonly performed blood tests, as it can tell us so much about the status of our health. It is important for diagnosing conditions in which the number of blood cells is abnormally high or abnormally low, or the cells themselves are abnormal.

A full blood count measures the status of a number of different features of the blood, including:

* the amount of haemoglobin in the blood;
* the number of red blood cells (red cell count);
* the percentage of blood cells as a proportion of the total blood volume (haematocrit or packed cell volume);
* the volume of red blood cells (mean cell volume);
* the average amount of haemoglobin in the red blood cells (known as mean cell haemoglobin);
* the number of white blood cells (white cell count);
* the percentages of the different types of white blood cells (leucocyte differential count); and
* the number of platelets.

The following provides an explanation of the various components that are measured, and helps to demystify some of the jargon you may hear in relation to this blood test.

Haemoglobin (Hb) is an iron-containing compound found in the red blood cells, which transports oxygen around the body. Measuring the concentration of haemoglobin in the blood can help diagnose anaemia, a condition caused by a deficiency of haemoglobin.

Anaemia can arise due to:

* too few red blood cells;
* inadequate iron intake;
* inadequate folate or vitamin B12 intake;
* microscopic bleeding or other blood loss;
* blood cell destruction;
* a chronic illness; or
* a defect in the haemoglobin molecule itself.

This measurement may also detect abnormally high concentrations of haemoglobin. This may occur in people with chronic lung disease, as an adaptation to high altitudes, or because of an abnormal increase in red cell production by the bone marrow (polycythaemia vera).

The normal haemoglobin level for adult males is 130-170 g/L, and 120-150 g/L for adult females.

Red cell count (RCC) is an estimation of the number of red blood cells per litre of blood.

Abnormally low numbers of red blood cells may indicate anaemia as a result of blood loss, bone marrow failure, malnutrition such as iron deficiency, over-hydration, or mechanical damage to red blood cells.

Abnormally high numbers of red blood cells may indicate congenital heart disease, some lung diseases, dehydration, kidney disease or polycythaemia vera.

The normal red cell count for adult males is 4.5-5.5 x 1012/L, and 3.8-4.8 x 1012/L for adult females.

Packed cell volume (PCV) or haematocrit (Hct) is a measure of the percentage of red blood cells to the total blood volume.

A low haematocrit may indicate anaemia, blood loss, bone marrow failure, leukaemia, multiple myeloma, nutritional deficiency, over-hydration or rheumatoid arthritis.

A high haematocrit may indicate dehydration (for example, due to burns or diarrhoea), eclampsia (a serious condition that can occur during pregnancy) or polycythaemia vera.

The normal haematocrit range for adult males is 40-50 per cent, and 36-46 per cent for adult females.

Mean cell volume or mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is an estimate of the volume of red blood cells. It is useful for determining the type of anaemia a person might have.

A low MCV may indicate iron deficiency, chronic disease, pregnancy, anaemia due to blood cell destruction or bone marrow disorders.

A high MCV may indicate anaemia due to nutritional deficiencies, bone marrow abnormalities, liver disease, alcoholism, chronic lung disease, or therapy with certain medications.

The normal MCV range for adults is 83-101 fL.

Mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), also known as mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, are further guides to the investigation of anaemia.

The MCH is the haemoglobin content of the average red cell. The MCHC is the average haemoglobin concentration in a given volume of packed red cells.

The MCH may be low in types of anaemia where the red blood cells are abnormally small, or high in other types of anaemia where the red blood cells are enlarged (for example, as a result of folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency).

The MCHC is low in iron deficiency, blood loss, pregnancy and anaemias caused by chronic disease.

The normal MCH range for adults is 27-32 pg, and the normal MCHC range is 315-345 g/L.

White cell (leucocyte) count estimates the total number of white blood cells per litre of blood.An abnormal high or low white cell count can indicate many possible medical conditions and a leucocyte differential count, which provides numbers of the different types of white cells, is usually needed to help make any diagnosis.

Abnormally low numbers of white blood cells may indicate liver or spleen disorders, bone marrow disorders, or exposure to radiation or toxic substances.

Abnormally high levels of white blood cells may indicate infection, tissue damage, leukaemia, or inflammatory diseases.

The normal white cell count for adults is 4.0-10.0 x 109/L.

Leucocyte (white cell) differential count provides an estimate of the numbers of the 5 main types of white blood cells. These are: neutrophils; monocytes; lymphocytes; eosinophils; and basophils.

Each of the 5 types has a specific role in the body.

Neutrophils and monocytes protect the body against bacteria and eat up small particles of foreign matter.

Lymphocytes are involved in the immune process, producing antibodies against foreign organisms, protecting against viruses and fighting cancer.

Eosinophils kill parasites and are involved in allergic responses. High numbers of eosinophils may be associated with worm infections or exposure to substances that cause allergic reactions.

Basophils also take part in allergic responses and increased basophil production may be associated with bone marrow disorders or viral infection.

The normal ranges for the number of the different types of white cells in adults are:
Neutrophils: 2.0-7.0 x 109/L
Eosinophils: 0.02-0.5 x 109/L
Basophils: 0.05-0.1 x 109/L
Monocytes: 0.2-1.0 x 109/L
Lymphocytes: 1.0-3.0 x 109/L

Platelet count is an estimation of the number of platelets per litre of blood. Abnormally low numbers of platelets is known as thrombocytopenia, while an abnormally high level of platelets is known as thrombocytosis.

Pic: Thrombocytes (platelet)

Platelet counts are often used to monitor medications such as heparin, which may cause low numbers of platelets, as well as medications that can have toxic effects on bone marrow. They may also be used to help diagnose problems associated with abnormal bleeding or bruising.

The normal platelet count for adults is 150-400 x 109/L.

P/S: A note on differing laboratory values
The ranges for what is considered normal given here are typical figures. However, different laboratories may use slightly different ranges, depending on how they perform the measurements.

aku kembali!!

2008-02-01T03:56:00.000+02:00

Assalamualaikum
setelah lama aku x jenguk blog aku ni...kini tiba la masa aku untuk buat coming back. aku kesuntukan masa (al-maklumla, student), ditambah kemalasan yang berada ditahap maxxx ..memang sesuai la jd pemalas..oh..shahdunye, diawal2 pagi begini (around 4.00a.m) aku duk sorang2 kt bilik ni di temani lagu2 instrumental yang sentimental...(yang lain sume dh terbongkang!!), siapkan dnevnik aku..ahh, tekanan!! best betul bebudak ni tido..tak-pe2, next week aku cooti, mesti korg jealous kt den, ahaks...padan muka korang!!
erm...semalam adik aku iji a.k.a moja bagitau die skrg tgh blaja kat ILP (hehe, korang tau ke ape tu ILP, Institut Latihan Perindustrian), Gebeng, Kuantan. wah, dah masuk blaja x inform aku pun...sengal betull la budak ni! tu pun kebetulan aku dpt tau. mmg kebetulan aku sms budak ni, yela, abang mithali, nk tanya khabar godong-godong aku kat rumah. tiba2 katanye die xde kt umah. ape kes?? rupe2nye dh masuk blaja. betulla budak ni!! anyway, gud luck to iji. hm...berkurang lg ahli kt rumah aku. azza pn dh duk asrama. nmpknye tinggalla anis sorg2 kt rumah. hm...xlekat kt rumah la yek. bole la mu pegi jalang2, musing ketang. yela, abah pn jarang2 ada kt rumah. biasala, org bujang, suka menangkap hantu (haha, aku pn xtau kenapa adik2 aku suka sangat ckp abh pegi tangkap hantu tiap2 kali aku tanya diorg abah kt mane??)wah...bercerita pasal umah ni yang buat aku shahdu...haiya nak balik. nk jumpa abah, adik2, godong-godong aku kt malaysia and of course my lovely princess, che anizan (miss u). hehe...alamak, kalau camni tak siap la dnevnik aku...hahaha...okla, see you all kemudian. nanti la aku piki mende nk letak kt blog aku ni....bg masyuk sket..do svidania

sleep disorder

2007-01-16T20:32:00.000+02:00

assalamualaikum wbt...
banjir kt rompin makin teruk...doa2 kan keluarga saya and seluruh penduduk kuala rompin selamat, insyaAllah...

We are a sleep-deprived nation, and it puts nearly all of us at risk — in the gym, in the sack, on the job. The really good news: The cure takes just 8 hours
By: Peter Moore, Men's Health Photographs by: Chris Buck

This is a story about nothing. Its subject is you, unconscious. And me, striving for unconsciousness. It's about what's happening to us between the hours of 10:15 p.m. and 7 a.m., when we should be sleeping.

It's about me, in bed (and leave my wife out of it, you perv).

Not a lot going on between those sheets, you say? I say, Wake up! Sleep heals. Sleep calms. Sleep rebuilds. Sleep provides an opportunity for the penile exercise you don't make time for during your busy day. Sleep shuts down your body and awakens your mind. In addition to being vital, it's also bizarre and contradictory — it's the inactive activity, the void you fill by dreaming up entire worlds, the state of nothingness that means everything. Weird.

The science of sleep is only about 40 years old, and among the things yet to be discovered by researchers is...um...how sleep works, exactly. That, and how to define it. But that's sleep for you: full of mysteries and surprises.

Maybe the most surprising thing of all is that 60 million Americans do it very poorly, suffering any number of sleep disorders . And more than half of the afflicted are men, according to James Rowley, M.D., director of the sleep-disorders center at Harper University Hospital, in Detroit. Many of these guys would deny they have a problem, and those who acknowledge it probably aren't being helped. "Women get motivated when they're sleepless," says Dr. Rowley. "Men are silent."

As the years pass, the odds are that these bleary-eyed, silent guys will get even less sleep, and touch off a cascade of other miserable conditions. If sleeplessness doesn't put a sudden end to your morning commute, it can dim your brainpower and success on the job. It can sour the report your doctor gives you on your cardiac risk, make you fatter, and set you up for diabetes. It will make you fight more with your wife, kids, and house pets. Sleeplessness is the symptom that makes its underlying cause — stress, depression, pain, or all of the above — even worse.

For 15 years, I've been searching for a decent night's sleep, and I've had a major health nightmare along the way. Even though I was a committed exerciser with good cholesterol counts, I built a major arterial blockage a few years back. And it came after a 2-year bout of wretched insomnia.

Now, when I lay me down to sleep, I know the stakes are high. True for me, true for you, too, brother. For our own good, we all need to rest a little easier.

SLEEP IN THE LAND OF SIN

Nowhere is that more evident than in Las Vegas, where the wee hours take on a special pathology. I went there to spend a night in the casinos, and William Thompson, Ph.D., a gambling expert at the University of Nevada at Las Vegas, was my coach. When I asked him how he'd chosen that academic specialty, he said, "When you're in Siberia, study polar bears."

And as we walk through the MGM Grand casino, they're snarling everywhere. He shows me 20 ways Las Vegas casinos push their advantage — from having people convert their hard- earned cash into worthless plastic chips before they bet to making it hard to find the exit door.

Then, as the clock ticks, the casinos make their shrewdest bet of all: that sleep deprivation will make their customers stupid.

To understand why, let's take a stroll through a sleepy human brain. Our tour guide here is William Killgore, Ph.D., a major in the Medical Service Corps of the U.S. Army, based at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. He works in the fascinating area of sleep, cognition, and emotional intelligence. He explains that as Homo sapiens developed from ape to man, our brains developed, too — particularly a structure known as the prefrontal cortex, which took information from our senses, mingled it with our memories, and added shadings of emotion and understanding. As man seized dominion over all the earth, our prefrontal cortexes — the font of our humanity, of reason — led the way.

No wonder the casinos are against it.

The house's advantage is to reduce you to a more primitive beast. Glucose metabolism — the rate of energy burn in your prefrontal cortex — slows down as night turns to day. Uh-oh. A Neanderthal buzz, originating in knuckle-dragging parts of the brain, supplants your higher faculties. Evolution slips into reverse; you become less human.

So much the worse if the beast is up past his bedtime, goes to a strip show, orders a cocktail or two, and smokes a cigar. As Killgore puts it, "Your prefrontal cortex needs a break, so it shuts down. You have less emotional flexibility. You reduce your ability to make effective decisions."

When this happens in the wee hours, Las Vegas is ready: You're lost in an artificial world. Table stakes rise as the evening goes on. The $5 minimums of the afternoon rise to $20, then $50, and suddenly each hand has financial consequences; if you play long enough, the odds will get you. And these are the guys you'll see along the Strip the next morning, still wearing last night's clothes, their prefrontal cortexes aroused by coffee and stress hormones, wondering what hit them last night.

Here's what: They gambled and lost on a mechanism they may only be dimly aware of — the circadian rhythms that run their days, their whole lives. When that system orders you into bed, you'd better listen: It's just trying to keep you out of trouble.

NO SHAME IN SLEEPING IN

I don't mean to pick on Vegas. Men who go there are fully aware of the risks and undertake them anyway — the odds and their prefrontal cortexes be damned. And at least the strippers pretend to be friendly. But the casino industry is an example of foolish wagers being placed and lost all across our society. Most men consider sleep a waste of time, and bet their lives they can get along without it.

"Who needs sleep?" asks the Coors beer commercial. "I only get 4 hours a night," brags your coworker, echoing Thomas Edison, antisleep agitator and inventor of the lightbulb — a contributing factor in our drowsy lives. And the rest of us use the language of shame when we "sneak off for a nap" or point out that a coworker was "asleep at the wheel." And our sleep suffers for it. According to a survey by the National Sleep Foundation, each of us averages 2 hours and 12 minutes less sleep nightly than our great-grandparents did in 1910. And it isn't just because of high-quality late-night TV.

The 2003 American Time Use Survey shows that we're trading sleep for all kinds of things, most predictably work ("Good morning, boss!" followed, 10 hours later, by "Should we order Chinese?"), but also entertainment ("Dancing with the Stars is on!") and commuting ("I can't wait to get back on I-70 to Kansas City tomorrow!").

Think about that last one for a minute. By exchanging rack time for road time, we're almost guaranteeing that we'll add to the one-third of all car accidents attributable to drowsy driving. Worse yet, after 5 nights of partial sleep deprivation — does that sound like your workweek? — three drinks at happy hour will have the same effect that six would have had if you'd been well rested. And then you drive home. You might even make it.

That's why, at the end of most of his interviews (including one with me), William Dement, M.D., Ph.D. — a combination Christopher Columbus/Cassandra of sleep research — practically shouts his admonition: Drowsiness is a warning!

Dr. Dement, who mans the sleep desk at Stanford University, has the personal scare story to prove it. Once he was met by a chauffeur at the airport, to give him a ride to a big meeting of sleep docs. The guy was overweight, and he had grown a beard to conceal a smallish chin. You've probably seen guys like that, too. Well, don't get into their cars for a nighttime drive.

Dr. Dement's chauffeur was exhibiting the classic physical symptoms of sleep apnea, a disorder that closes an afflicted man's airway up to 300 times a night and causes monumental health problems in the process. Dr. Dement instantly saw the danger and aggressively conversed with him. Then they pulled onto a road high above the Columbia River gorge, the driver slumped, the car veered across the oncoming traffic lane, and...the good doctor shouted, the driver jerked the wheel, and obituary writers were deprived of a deliciously ironic lead.

And Dr. Dement is still alive to deliver the warnings.

TRADING SLEEP FOR WORK

His cry has swelled into a chorus. For a while, every time I called a sleep expert for this story, they refused to answer my questions until they were finished venting over the commercial airline wreck of Comair Flight 5191 out of Lexington, Kentucky, in which both the pilots and the man in the control tower were sleep deprived. Consider the lonely vigil that air-traffic controller will conduct every night from now on as he lays head on pillow.

Each of us has plenty in common with that poor soul. If we trade sleep for work, sleep for commuting time, sleep for computer time, we multiply the risk that we'll make a mistake that kills. If we're very lucky, we'll take out only ourselves.

Am I belaboring the obvious? Sleepy driving, after all, is rather like drunken sex or Washington lobbying — nobody expects anything good to come of it. But it's only the most common way that poor sleep can mess up your whole waking life.

It may help, here, to take a look at a good night's sleep, so you know what you're missing when you have a lousy one.

All day long, you're burning glucose, the fuel that drives everything you do. One by-product of that inferno is a neuro-transmitter called adenosine, which binds with receptors in your nervous system, telling it to shut down for the night. (That's why exercisers sleep better: They burn more glucose.) Reinforcing the effect of adenosine is another energy regulator: melatonin. It also kicks in toward bedtime, so you yawn, hit the power button on the remote, and head into your bedtime rituals. Do them right and you reach the bed ready for sleep. (Sex works, too: The chaser for intercourse is the hormone oxytocin — a profound sleep inducer. It's the enemy of pillow talk and cuddling, where men are concerned.)

The bridge into unconsciousness is described in stages, which reflect the pattern of electrical impulses recorded in the sleeping mind. Alpha waves hum in the calm, sleepy brain, but the instant theta waves show up on the electroencephalograph recorder, you begin shutting down your senses. This is stage one, light sleep. If your wife asks you to take out the garbage, you'll still hop to it.

Five minutes later, though, and she's out of luck. Your senses lock down, and you realize full wet-noodle status. Stage two comes quickly, and the electrical activity is vastly different on the printout. You're falling fast now, into the deep sleep of stages 3 and 4. The latter is when your body secretes growth hormone, to reward you for any muscle-building activity you might have engaged in during the day.

Next comes rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which Dr. Dement famously studied by inviting a chorus line of Rockettes into his New York apartment sleep lab. (There's a line you haven't tried: "I'm a sleep researcher, and I wonder if I might observe you...") Your muscles are now utterly paralyzed, your mind utterly alive. Those pursuit dreams where the grizzly leaps but you can't run? That's REM sleep.

If you forget to set the alarm, there's no need to worry, because as you run through your supply of sleep-inducing melatonin, it's replaced in your bloodstream by a surge of cortisol. It urges you to get the hell out of bed.

So you sit up in a stark panic over the 8 a.m. staff meeting and spot the rising sun out your bedroom window, and your pineal gland shuts down melatonin production entirely. Like Dracula, the gland shies from the sunlight, waiting for dark to turn on the melatonin supply once more and bed you down.

A TALE OF TWO SLEEP CHARTS

Okay, that's the Sleeping Beauty version of the overnight story. One phase flows neatly into the next, uninterrupted, and the therapeutic process sweeps inevitably toward morning light.

Then there's the way I sleep, which is kind of like the way Reggie Bush runs: all over the place. I found this out at the University of Pennsylvania sleep lab, which occupies a couple of floors in the Sheraton Hotel near the campus in Philadelphia. That's where I went through the ordeal of polysomnography; in its way, it too was a testament to the power of the sleep drive. I checked into the lab around 8:30 p.m. one night last summer and was met by a sweet, slight sleep technician named Amber.

She wired me like an NSA stakeout — three brain scanners on my scalp, a breath clip under my nose, straps to monitor chest and torso movements, a movement sensor on my leg to see if I do the midnight jig, and a finger pincer to track my oxygen levels. Thus encumbered by electronics, with a video cam further invading my privacy, I closed my eyes.

Amber woke me up at 6:30 a.m., right after an active half hour of REM sleep. The tapes show what a jumpy thing I am at night. Amber told me that my periodic limb movements might have an arousing effect, but not the kind I forward to. If this is rest, no wonder I don't feel refreshed in the morning.

Nor was Amber complimentary about my other sleep patterns. She noted my hypopneas —brief cessations of breath — which aren't a problem in a "relatively young man like me" but might become a problem later in life. This sounded like Dr. Dement's drowsy driver. But I'm nothing like that guy.

And yet, there was Amber telling me that I need to watch out, too. It could be that my throat muscles are relaxing just enough in sleep to affect my airway. The glass of wine I like to have with dinner could encourage that. Plus, I've been told I have a relatively small jaw and luxuriant tongue tissue (hey, some people consider that an advantage), so maybe I'm not so far off from apnea land.

I left the lab dazed, not only from my rough night under analysis, but also from the news that there's a lot more going on in the night than I ever realized. Later on, I met with Richard Schwab, M.D., of the Penn sleep center, and he wasn't too concerned by any of it, opining that maybe I just think about my sleep too much. He wasn't the first to suggest that. Many of the researchers I interviewed noted the tendency of chronic insomnia sufferers to ruminate on their sleeplessness. Which I understood completely: The hungry obsess over food, the sleepless focus on their eyelids — open or shut.

THE SLEEP PROFESSIONALS

In Salt Lake City, where I attended the convention of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies, I picked up a useful perspective on my obsession. I'll admit that, at times, the lectures inspired delightful naps on the lawn outside the Salt Palace. But the researchers issued their share of wake-up calls, too.

One presentation, for instance, quoted the Austrian neurologist and psychologist Viktor Frankl. During World War II, he was deported to Auschwitz and eventually spent time in four concentration camps. He knew a few things about nightmares. Frankl's observation: "Sleep is like a dove which has landed near one's hand and stays there as long as one does not pay any attention to it; if one attempts to grasp it, it quickly flies away."

For the past 15 years, I've done everything I can to nail that sucker to my bedpost. I've drugged him. I've dusted him with stinky herbs. I've invited him to share a glass of wine with me. And lately I've enlisted an army of sleep docs to grant me the peace just to let him land.

But once that bird starts to fidget, it's damned hard to make him sit still.

I can trace my own difficulties to one blissfully sleepless night in 1990, at Michael Reese Hospital, in Chicago. That's when my son Jake was born. One estimate holds that a new baby results in 400 to 750 hours of lost sleep for his parents in the first year; between Jake and his brother Tyler, I'm officially down at least a thousand hours. More, if you pack on the added responsibilities of supporting a family, a boss, and a mortgage, plus worrying about the Cubs. You can see I've had way too much on my mind to sleep.

But the conference in Salt Lake City reinforced how critical it is to lure Frankl's bird to my bedside. Name almost any chronic threat to a man's health, and sleeplessness plays a role. Sometimes a very big one.

One hot area of research is the connection between sleep and weight gain, and I'm not just talking about the infamous Ambien abusers who hoover their fridges. Researchers at the University of Chicago have been tracking the correlation between sleep and two hunger hormones: ghrelin, which urges your body to chow down, and leptin, which tells it to push back from the table. They recruited 12 young men and limited them to 4 hours of sleep on 2 consecutive nights. It was as if they'd cut their hunger brake lines and attached a brick to their eating accelerators: ghrelin was up 28 percent, leptin down 18 percent.

Sanjay Patel, M.D., of Case Western Reserve University, in Cleveland, gave a fascinating presentation at the conference in which he demonstrated that people who get only 5 hours of sleep a night weigh more than longer sleepers at every age. Think of all the ghrelin surging through their veins, and the extra hours they have to eat crullers.

And in fact, the young men in the University of Chicago study who had the greatest ghrelin and leptin swings were the ones who, in surveys, most craved cake, candy, cookies, ice cream, pastry, chips, salted nuts, bread, pasta, cereal, and potatoes. If you salivated when you read that list, take a look at how much sleep you got last night.

Another group of researchers at the University of Chicago demonstrated that just 3 nights of fragmented sleep — the tossing- and-turning variety — made glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity plummet. Both of those, long-term, will elevate blood sugar, which can damage the tiny capillaries that carry oxygenated blood to your heart, your eyeballs, and your penis.

If that doesn't worry you, go ahead: Stay up late thumbing the remote. And keep doing it. There will be plenty of time to consider the consequences on the job tomorrow.

THE STUDY OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION

Killgore's most recent endeavor has been to round up young, male military recruits, torment them to wakefulness in various ways, and then administer tests that probe for many of the things that get you through the workday: making smart choices, learning new skills, working with people, pushing past failure, laughing off Dilbert moments. Sleep deprivation sabotages them all.

Your greatest fear on the job, then, might be that your boss — or worse yet, a rival — is getting enough sleep. Against that advantage, your sleepy ass doesn't stand a chance.

A lot of sleep research seems to begin with being mean to rats. In Salt Lake City, I met many pleasant, intelligent young people who had devised ingenious ways to stress out rodents — forcing them to swim against their will, or shocking their little pink feet — to see how it affected their shut-eye.

My rat empathy was particularly engaged by tests involving what the researchers called "social defeats." For instance, there's the experiment in which a young, naive rat was dropped into a cage along with an attractive female rat. After the two had sniffed and nuzzled a bit, the scientists introduced an older, aggressive male rat into the cage. This rat bastard made life hell for the younger male rat, until the young guy exposed his belly in utter defeat. He slept lousy at night, poor rodent.

Oddly enough, that perfectly describes my life in a job I once had. I reacted like the caged rat: by showing my belly and losing sleep. Like, 2 years' worth. I feared that the circles under my eyes might knit into a noose around my neck. A shrink prescribed an antidepressant/sleep inducer called Trazodone, and it got me through the dark nights.

Fortunately, the rat boss was chased off by corporate, and my life instantly improved — day and night. The spirit returned to my exercise, and I ran marathons in Vermont and New York City. I was quite the physical specimen, in fact, except for the plaque that had been building in the left anterior descending artery of my heart — a passageway aptly nicknamed "the widowmaker." I had no clue about it until I hopped on my bicycle in Martha's Vineyard, intent on a 50-miler. Chest pain stopped me, nearly for good.

I never had a heart attack — just a really good scare. And the angioplasty and stent now seem to have fixed me up just fine.

I feel better than ever, and my heart indices are superlative.

But nothing can relieve the aching question I have about why I, of all people, developed the blockage in the first place. No doctor in the world would point to my 2 years of sleepless hell as an absolute cause; it might have been genetics, or plain bad luck. But from what I now know, I wonder if insomnia almost choked the lifeblood out of me.

HOW SLEEP HELPS YOUR HEART

The old lion of the field, Dr. Dement, quite nearly wrote my epitaph when he pointed out, in the introduction to his compelling bedtime saga, The Promise of Sleep, that "if someone you know has had a heart attack, there is a good chance (especially if the victim is young) that an undiagnosed sleep disorder contributed to the problem."

How does sleep affect your heart health? Let me count the ways.

Janet Mullington, Ph.D., who hangs her mortarboard at Harvard medical school, contributed to a study that linked sleep loss with inflammation — the hot young thing cardiac researchers have been chasing around for the past decade. Essentially, if your blood carries elevated inflammation markers, your heart is in danger. "We've seen a connection between total sleep deprivation and an increase in white blood cells, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein," she told me, naming a few horsemen of the inflammatory apocalypse. "It even happens with partial sleep deprivation."

Her study also showed increases in blood pressure and heart rate when people are denied sleep. Hypertension is one of the factors that can cause arterial plaques to rupture, and the next step is the blood clots that race to a narrowing in a heart artery, and kill.

But not me. Or at least, that's my plan.

I'm happy to report that for the sleep starved, there is a relatively new solution available, and it has nothing to do with that Lunesta butterfly alighting on my brow, nor inviting the Rozerem beaver into bed with me. (Not that I'm antidrug; many sleep docs I spoke with called the current generation of drugs safe and effective, especially when you compare them with the barbiturates that snuffed Marilyn Monroe and Elvis.)

The cure du jour for insomnia is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). A 2006 study revealed that it's as effective as a sedative in inducing sleep. The best news is that, unlike pills, which stop working when you stop swallowing them, CBT encourages sleep long after the sessions have ended.

Michael Sateia, M.D., of the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, in Lebanon, New Hampshire, is leading the way toward getting more practitioners trained in CBT. The bedroom hell he describes among his insomniac patients has much in common with the one I've experienced during my worst spells. The bed, he told me, can become a negative place. Instead of evoking warm and relaxing feelings, it can arouse tension and negative expectations. Dr. Sateia told me, "I've had patients whose hearts literally pounded when they even looked at their beds."

It turns out that one of the biggest enemies here is the otherworldly glow of the alarm clock. Even those dimly glowing numbers can mess with your pineal gland, which is extraordinarily sensitive to light. You see the digits 3:14 a.m., and it thinks, Sunrise! The resulting cortisol flow can help fuel the rumination that keeps insomniacs awake until dawn actually comes.

The coming of the true dawn is nothing to be trifled with, either. On the floor of the convention hall in Salt Lake City, I met Larry Pedersen, the founder of the company that produces the Litebook, a lightbulb array he told me could help manage my melatonin levels. "It can give you more energy during the day," Pedersen told me with evangelical fervor, "and a full burst of melatonin at night, when you really need it."

I was ready to wave him off, until he cited chapter and verse on the studies that show how light of a certain amplitude can manage melatonin levels — shutting it down in the morning, so it can build up better in the evening. Bright sunlight will do that. (Seen any recently?) A light box will, too. I took a fair amount of abuse in my office for using one — until I recounted the melatonin knockout punch it delivered at night.

CBT can also help, by using stimulation control before bed — no caffeine within 12 hours of bed, no wine with dinner, and nothing too exciting (WWE, for instance) in the bedtime hour. You keep to a regular schedule of waking, and maybe even push bedtime to build sleep pressure. You don't hit the hay until you're certain it won't hit back.

CHANGING THE NIGHTLY ROUTINE

Naturally, I arranged for a few CBT sessions myself, and found instant progress with a psychologist named David Glosser, Sc.D., based in Allentown, Pennsylvania. He proved his bona fides with me when, in the midst of a barrage of personal questions, he asked which side of the bed I sleep on. Before I could answer, he said, "The left. All guys sleep on the left." He noted that the left arm — your free one, when you roll to the right — is the hairy, horny one men initiate sex with, because it's hooked into the hairy, horny right side of the brain. Guilty as charged.

Glosser changed my bedtime routine, encouraging me to stay up a little later, so that when I fell into bed, I'd be more likely to fall straight to sleep. And he asked my wife and me to switch sides of the bed, to change things up; now I'll look forward to her left hook. And he insists that if I'm not sleeping, I should leave the bed. But not for online poker. Reading time will benefit.

The most important thing he did for me, though, was change my outlook toward sleep. He broke my habits of obsession and worry, and helped me just let the night be. In essence, CBT renovated my bedroom, and my attitude, into a zone of relaxation and peace.

Just the place for Frankl's bird to settle for an evening, in fact.

So, what happened to me that night, in Vegas? I was all psyched up, ready to gamble. I'd set aside a pot to blow, and approached the roulette wheel, lauded as a simple place to lay down a bet and enjoy the action. But for me, stack after stack vanished into the black hole at the croupier's elbow. So I moved on to blackjack, which carries the best odds in the casino. I'd had a little luck at it that afternoon, when the stakes were lower. I won a few big hands that night, but soon my chips disappeared.

I'd imagined an all-night session, running up my totals and witnessing the drama of Vegas till dawn. But I'd busted out before midnight. What to do?

My prefrontal cortex knew the drill. I walked slowly, then with determination, toward the elevators that would carry me upstairs, to my room. I was headed for a good night's sleep.

It's the surest bet you can make, my fellow gamblers.

memorising technique... mnemonic

2007-01-15T02:54:00.000+02:00

Alhamdulillah, i just pass my winter exams....lega sangat2. some of my friends sekarang ni ade kt uk, germany...eurotrip. aku kt sini aje, maybe abiskan jln kt bandar simferopol ni....disamping masalah universal...apelagi, ekonomi la. oklah, ni tips untuk memorise material for exams. maybe dah terlambat utk sem ni, tp sem depan2 still ade, still exam. to my friends yg still struggling for exams good luck...agi idup, agi ngelaban!!

Mnemonic any device for aiding the memory. Named for Mnemosyne, the personification of memory in Greek mythology, mnemonics are also called memoria technica. The principle is to create in the mind an artificial structure that incorporates unfamiliar ideas or, especially, a series of dissociated ideas that by themselves are difficult to remember. Ideally, the structure is designed so that its parts are mutually suggestive. Grouping items in rhymed verse has long been a popular >mnemonic technique, from the “gender rhymes” of the Latin grammars to the verse for remembering the number of days in the months (“Thirty days hath September, April, June and November . . . ”).

Numerous attempts have been made to invent mnemonic systems—generalized codes to improve all-around capacity to remember. The Greek and Roman system of mnemonics was founded on the use of mental places and signs or pictures in terms of the location of the items of interest. The method combines a familiar structure locus and the item or thing to be remembered. This mnemonic method, which is referred to as loci et res, is an effective way to remember a series of items in serial order. The most usual method is to choose a large house, of which the apartments, walls, windows, statues, and furniture were severally associated with certain names, phrases, events, or ideas by means of symbolic pictures; to recall these it is only necessary to search over the apartments of the house until the particular place is discovered where they had been deposited by the imagination. In accordance with this system, if it is desired to fix a historic date in the memory, it is localized in an imaginary town divided into a certain number of districts, each with 10 houses, each house with 10 rooms, and each room with 100 quadrates, or memory places, partly on the floor, partly on the four walls, partly on the roof. Using this system, the traditional date of the invention of printing in Europe (1440) could be fixed in the memory by mentally placing a book or some other symbol of printing in the 40th quadrate, or memory place, of the 4th room of the 1st house of the imaginary town.

Scientific interest in mnemonics was heightened in 1968 when the renowned Soviet psychologist Aleksandr R. Luria wrote The Mind of a Mnemonist, which suggested the field was worthy of deeper psychological study. Luria was particularly impressed with the ability of individuals to remember long lists of numbers for periods of years.

Mnemonists use a variety of procedures to facilitate recall. One method, called linking, associates any pair of items—a pen and a chair, for example—and then links those items with a third, the chain proceeding indefinitely. Interaction, and not mere association, is necessary; one could imagine the pen writing on the chair. This method has proven effective with grammar-school children as well as with adults. Other methods include rhymes (“i before e, except after c”) or substitution (the name Tchaikovsky can become “chew-cow-ski”; Reagan becomes “ray-gun”; etc.). One point stressed by mnemonists is that the imagery has to be bizarre if it is to be effective. Simple or common associations are said to be quickly forgotten.

In fact, mnemonic devices, all of which depend upon the use of some method of coding of what is to be remembered, may be very useful in limited fields, especially if the coding is made up by the person who is going to use it. Completely generalized and impersonal mnemonic systems are apt to break down, largely because of their inevitable complexity and ambiguity; thus their importance has declined.

Memory the retention and retrieval in the human mind of past experiences.
That experiences influence subsequent behaviour is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Practice results in a cumulative effect on memory leading to skillful performance on the tuba, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. So-called intelligent behaviour demands memory, remembering being prerequisite to reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering numerous earlier experiences.

Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting (as in amnesia) can be seen to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one's memory of an emotionally painful experience leads to severe anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.
In speculating about the evolution of memory, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time; since old memories weaken and the new tend to be vivid, clues are provided for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer; for example, learned behaviour that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. Thus, forgetting seems to serve the survival of the individual and the species.

Another line of speculation posits a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output). Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offer gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.

Whatever its origins, forgetting has attracted considerable investigative attention. Much of this research has been aimed at discovering those factors that change the rate of forgetting. Efforts are made to study how information may be stored; that is, to discover the ways in which it may be encoded. Remembered experiences may be said to consist of encoded collections of interacting information; and interaction seems to be a prime factor in forgetting.

Psychologists of the modern era, from their earliest speculations about remembering to the formulation of most of their latest experimentally based views, commonly have assumed that the critical problems are concerned with the physiological mechanisms by which events and experiences can be retained so that they can be mentally reproduced, either in their original mode or with the assistance of signs and symbols that are regarded as equivalent to that mode. Memory is thus usually considered to function perfectly in proportion to its literal accuracy of reduplication. Investigators have generally supposed that anything that influences the behaviour of an organism endowed with a central nervous system leaves—somewhere in that system— a “trace” or group of traces. So long as these traces last they can, in theory, be restimulated and the event or experience that established them will be remembered. The experimental psychology of remembering—all modern experts claim to base their conclusions upon experimental evidence—endeavours to discover methods for identifying the necessary and sufficient conditions for the persistence and length of persistence of traces and for their restimulation.

Measuring retention

Standard sentences, prose passages, and poems have been used to control input in studies of retention; but discrete verbal units (such as words or sets of letters) are most frequently employed. The letters usually comprise lists of consonant syllables (three consonants; e.g.,RQK) or so-called nonsense syllables (consonant-vowel-consonant; e.g., ROK). The order in which verbal units are to be learned and to be recited may be left to the subject (free recall). A schoolchild who can recite the names of all African countries probably has learned such a free-recall task. Units also can be presented serially (in a constant order), the subject being asked to recite them in that order; reciting the alphabet in the usual way represents such serial learning.

Pairs of words may be offered; in such paired-associate tasks the subject eventually is asked to produce the missing member of each pair when only one word is shown. This is akin to learning English equivalents for words from another language.

For these and similar tasks investigators commonly permit subjects enough practice trials to reach some preselected criterion or level of performance. This level effectively defines an immediate retention score against which later forgetting may be measured. Subsequent tests of retention are then made to investigate the rate at which forgetting proceeds. This rate tends to vary with the methods used, basically those of recall, recognition, or relearning.

Subjects may be asked to reproduce (recall) previously learned data in any order or in the original order in which they were learned.
In a free-recall test the instructions might be: “Yesterday you learned a list of words; please write as many of those words as you possibly can as they occur to you.” For the paired-associate task the subject may be told: “Yesterday you learned some pairs of words; I will show you one word from each pair and you try to give the other.” He may be paced, being limited to a few seconds to produce each word; or he may be unpaced, being given no rigidly specified limits.

If retention of any kind is to be measured over different periods (e.g., an hour, a day, a week) a separate group of individuals should be used for each period. The reason is that the very act of remembering constitutes practice that keeps memory lively, tending to give misleading underestimates of the rate of forgetting if the same subjects are tested over successive intervals.

Recognition

The subject's task is simpler in tests of recognition, since reproduction or retrieval (as in recall) is not required. The subject simply is asked to remember previously presented information when it is offered to him again. For example, he may be given a list of words for study; on the subsequent test of retention these are mingled with additional words, the subject being asked to identify (recognize) the original words. Apparently the recognition test stresses ability to choose between “old” (studied) data and “new” words, although this need not mean that choices are based only on temporal discrimination (awareness of time distinctions).

In an alternative variety of recognition test, each word studied might be paired with a new one, the task being to choose the old member of each pair. Or, the test words might be presented one at a time for identification as old or new. Sometimes learning and testing are combined: a very long list of words may be presented one at a time, some being repeated; the task is to recognize the repeats.

Some recognition tests stress memory of the order of presentation. The subject learns a serial list (reciting in a prescribed order); the list then is scrambled, and he is tested on his ability to rearrange it appropriately. Order may be based on how units are arranged in space (e.g., printed on a page) or on their numerical position in a series or on associative information. Thus, if a paired-associate list has been learned, the test may consist of the unmatched presentation of all units with a request to pair them properly. This sort of recognition seems to emphasize associative attributes. If some elements on the test were not presented originally, the temporal attribute also may be involved.

Relearning

The number of successive trials a subject takes to reach a specified level of proficiency may be compared with the number of trials he later needs to attain the same level. This yields a measure of retention by what is called the relearning method. The fewer trials needed to reach the original level of mastery, the better the subject seems to remember. The relearning measure sometimes is expressed as a so-called savings score. If 10 trials initially were required, and five relearning trials later produce the same level of proficiency, then five trials have been saved; the savings score is 50 percent (that is, 50 percent of the original 10 trials). The more forgetting, the lower the savings score.

Although it may seem paradoxical, relearning methods can yield both sensitive and insensitive measures of forgetting. Tasks have been devised that produce wide differences in recall but for which no differences in relearning are observed. (Some theorists attribute this to a form of heavy interference among learned data that has only momentary influence on retention.) Six months or a year after initial learning, some tests may give zero recall scores but can show savings in relearning.

When relatively long retention intervals (usually hours or days) are used, the methods are said to involve long-term memory. In a sense, methods for studying short-term memory are miniaturized versions of these. A list may be as short as one item, level of proficiency is very low, and retention intervals are in seconds (or minutes at most).

For example, the subject may be shown a single nonsense syllable for a few seconds' study. Next he is given a simple task (such as counting backward) to occupy him for a half minute so that he cannot rehearse, and then is asked to recall the syllable. Forgetting is observed to occur over such short intervals, tending to be greater when length of interval increases, as in long-term memory. The same procedure can be used with a single paired-associate item or with a short list of four or five pairs. In a short-term counterpart of serial learning, a string of about eight single-digit numbers or letters is presented very rapidly (say, two per second), and the subjects are asked to recall them in the order in which they were presented. Recognition tests also can be adapted for measuring short-term retention. When only one presentation is used for learning, however, relearning measures are obviously unfeasible.

Time-dependent aspects of retention; storage and retrieval

Some workers theorize a distinct short-term memory system of sharply limited capacity that can retain information perhaps only a few seconds and a long-term system of relatively unlimited capacity and retention.
Among typical people, short-term function seems limited to about seven separate units (e.g., seven random letters or unrelated common words). Thus, one may consult a telephone directory and forget the number before dialing is completed. Information seems to enter long-term storage by such processing as rehearsal and encoding, as if short-term retention is a way station between incoming information and more enduring memory.
Other theorists do not distinguish short- and long-term systems as inferred from observed differences in capacity and retention. Positing only one storage system, they attribute short-term phenomena to very low levels of learning. Those who postulate distinct systems point to the results of injury to a specific brain region (the hippocampus): (1) information stored prior to hippocampal damage seems to be retained; (2) sufferers seem incapable of new long-term storage; (3) the short-term functions appear to be unimpaired and subjects perform as well as ever in tests of immediate memory (e.g., for a set of random numbers). It is as if new information no longer can be transferred from some sort of short-term system to relatively enduring storage.

Other data that bear on the controversy among theorists come from studies of people without known brain injury. When one has just seen a new list of words one at a time, the initial words in the list tend to be recalled best (primacy effects), those at the end next best (recency effects), while items from the middle are least likely to be recalled. This is quite consistently found as long as recall begins immediately following presentation of the last word. If, however, a short interval follows, during which the subject is otherwise occupied to prevent rehearsal, the recency effect may completely disappear; words at the end are no better recalled than those in the middle. Primacy effects are essentially undisturbed, while a delay as short as perhaps 15 seconds is enough to abolish the recency phenomenon. Although some suggest that recency effects depend on a separate short-term memory system and that primacy effects are mediated by a long-term system, a single memory function also may be invoked to accommodate the findings. Nevertheless, interest is growing in multisystem theories on the grounds that they enhance appreciation of the processes involved in establishing relatively enduring memory.

Investigators concerned with physiological bases for memory seek a kind of neurochemical code with enough stability physically to produce a structural change or memory trace (engram) in the nervous system; mechanisms for decoding and retrieval also are sought. Efforts at the strict behavioral level similarly are directed toward describing encoding, decoding, and retrieval mechanisms as well as the content of the stored information.

One way to characterize a memory (or memory trace) is to identify the information it encodes. A learner may encode far more information than is apparent in the task as presented. For example, if a subject is shown three words for a few seconds and (after 30 seconds of diversion from rehearsal) is asked to recall and then another triad of words is given under the same procedure, then another, and so on, then if all triads share some common element (e.g., all are animal names), poorer and poorer recall is observed on successive trials. Such findings may be explained by assuming that the learner encodes this animal category as part of his memory for each word. Initially, the common code might be expected to aid recall by sharply delimiting the word population. Successive triads, however, should tend to be encoded in increasingly similar ways, blurring their unique characteristics for the subject. An additional step provides critical supporting evidence for such an interpretation. If a final triad of vegetable names is unexpectedly presented, recall recovers dramatically. The subject tends to reproduce the vegetable names much better than he does those of the last animal triad; recall is about as efficient as it was for the first three animal names. This particular shift clearly seems to provide escape from earlier confusion or blurring, and it may be inferred that a common conceptual characteristic was encoded for each animal name.

Any characteristic or attribute of a word may be investigated in this way to infer whether it is incorporated in memory. When recall does not recover it would seem that the manipulated characteristic has little or no representation in memory. For example, grammatical class typically does not appear to be encoded; decrement in recall produced after a series of triads consisting of verbs tends to continue when a shift is made to three adjectives. Such an experiment does not indicate what common encoding characteristic might be responsible for the decrement, suggesting only that it is not grammatical class.

Encoding mechanisms also may be inferred from tests of recognition. For example, subjects study a long list of words, being informed of a multiple-choice memory test to follow. Each word studied is made part of a test item that includes other carefully chosen new words (distractors). Distractors are selected to represent different types of encoding the investigator suspects may have occurred in learning. If the word presented for study is chosen by the subject, little can be inferred about the nature of the encoding. Any errors, however, can be most suggestive. Thus, if the word presented for study was TABLE, the multiple-choice item might be TABLE, CHAIR, ABLE, FURNITURE, PENCIL. If CHAIR is incorrectly selected, it may be suspected that this associatively related word occurred to the subject implicitly during learning and became so well encoded that the subject later could not determine whether it or TABLE had been presented. If the wrong choice is ABLE, acoustical resemblance to TABLE may have contributed to the confusion. If FURNITURE is erroneously chosen, perhaps conceptual category was prominent in the encoding.

Since it is not related in any obvious way to TABLE, the word PENCIL may be intended as a control, unlikely to be a part of the memory for TABLE. If this is the case, subjects should be more likely to select distractor words other than PENCIL (if indeed they have been encoded along with TABLE).

Although a subject may have encoded in ways suggested by particular distractors, he still may be able to choose the correct word. Or he may have encoded in ways not represented by the distractors.
Evidence has been accumulating to suggest that a long-term memory is a collection of information or of attributes that can serve in discriminating it from other memories and can function as retrieval cues. In addition to verbal attributes, visual images may be a part of the memory; emotional responses produced at the time the memory is established may be incorporated.

The common experience of having a name or word on the tip of the tongue seems related to specific perceptual attributes. In particular, people who report the “tip-of-the-tongue” feeling tend to identify the word's first letter and number of syllables with an accuracy that far exceeds mere guessing. There is evidence that memories may encode information about when they were established and about how often they have been experienced. Some seem to embrace spatial information; e.g., one remembers a particular news item to be on the lower right-hand side of the front page of a newspaper. Research indicates that the rate of forgetting varies for different attributes. For example, memories in which auditory attributes seem dominant tend to be more rapidly forgotten than those with minimal acoustic characteristics.

If a designated (target) memory consists of a collection of attributes, its recall or retrieval should be enhanced by any cue that indicates one of the attributes. For example, on failing to recall the term horse (included in a list just seen), one may be told that there was an animal name among the words. Or he may be asked if an associate term (say, barn or zebra) helps him think of a word he missed. While some additional recall has been observed with this kind of help, failures are common even with ostensibly relevant cues. Though it is possible that the cues frequently are inappropriate, nevertheless, if words were not learned (encoded or stored) with accompanying attributes, cuing of any kind should be ineffective.

Theories of forgetting

When memory of past experience is not activated for days or months, forgetting tends to occur; and any theory of forgetting must cope with this primitive observation. Such auxiliary phenomena as differences in the rates of forgetting for different kinds of information also must be accommodated.

It has been theorized that as time passes the physiological bases of memory tend to change. With disuse, it is held that the neural engram (the memory trace in the brain) gradually decays or loses its clarity. While such a theory seems reasonable, it would, if left at this point, do little more than restate behavioral evidence of forgetting at the nervous-system level. Decay or deterioration does not seem attributable merely to the passage of time; some underlying physical process needs to be demonstrated. Until a neurochemical basis for memory can be more explicitly described, any decay theory of forgetting must await detailed development.

A pre-eminent theory of forgetting at the behavioral level is anchored in the phenomena of interference; in what are called retroactive and proactive inhibition. In retroactive inhibition, new learning interferes with retention of the old; in proactive inhibition, old memories interfere with the retention of new ones. Both phenomena have great generality in studies of any kind of learning, although most research among humans has considered verbal learning.

People may, for example, learn two successive verbal lists; the next day some are asked to recall the first list and others to recall the second. Still a third (control) group learns only one list and is asked to recall it a day later. People who learn two lists almost unfailingly will recall much less than do those in the control group. The amount by which controls exceed those who recall the first list is a measure of retroactive inhibition; the degree to which they are better than those who recall the second list is a measure of proactive inhibition. While retroactive inhibition usually will be observed in relearning, it is unusual to detect proactive deficit under such circumstances.

Theorists attribute the loss produced by these procedures to interference between list-learning tasks. When lists are constructed to exhibit varying differences, the degree of interference seems to be related to the amount of similarity. Thus loss in recall will be reduced when two successive lists have no identical terms. Maximum loss generally will occur when there appears to be heavy (but not complete) overlap in the memory attributes for the two lists. One may recall parts of the first list in trying to remember the second and vice versa. (This breakdown in discrimination may reflect the presence of dominant attributes that are appropriate for items in both lists.) Discrimination tends to deteriorate as the number of lists increases, retroactive and proactive inhibition increasing correspondingly, suggesting interference at the time of recall.

In retroactive inhibition, however, all of the loss need not be attributed to competition at the moment of recall. Some of the first list may be lost to memory in learning the second; this is called unlearning. If one is asked to recall from both lists combined, first-list items are less likely to be remembered than if the second list had not been learned. Learning the second list seems to act backward in time (retroactively) to destroy some memory for the first. So much effort has been devoted to studying conditions that affect unlearning that it has become a major topic in interference theory.

Retroactive and proactive effects can be quite gross quantitatively. If one learns a list one day and tries to recall it the next, learns a second list and attempts recall for it the following day, learns a third and so on, recall for each successive list tends to decline. Roughly 80 percent recall may be anticipated for the first list; this declines steeply to about 20 percent for the tenth list. Learning the earlier lists seems to act forward in time (proactively) to inhibit retention of later lists. These proactive phenomena indicate that the more one learns the more rapidly one will forget. Similar effects can be demonstrated for retroactive inhibition within just one laboratory session.

Such powerful effects have led some to theorize that all forgetting is produced by interference. Any given memory is said to be subject to interference from others established earlier or subsequently. Interference, theoretically, may occur when memories conflict through any attributes. With a limited group of attributes and an enormous number of memories, it might seem that everyday attempts to recall would be chaotic.Yet even if all of the memories shared some information, other attributes not held in common could still serve to distinguish them. For example, every memory theoretically is encoded at a different time and temporal attributes might serve to discriminate otherwise conflicting memories. Indeed, when two apparently conflicting lists are learned several days apart, proactive inhibition is markedly reduced. Assuming memories to be multiple-encoded, interference theory need not predict utter confusion in remembering.
Sources of interference are most pervasive and should not be considered narrowly. For example, any memory seems to be established in specific surroundings or context, and subsequent efforts to remember tend to be less effective when the circumstances differ from the original. Alcoholics, when sober, tend to have trouble finding bottles they have hidden while intoxicated; when they drink again, the task is much easier. Some contexts also may be associated with other memories that interfere with whatever it is that one is trying to remember.

Each new memory tends to amalgamate information already in long-term storage. Encoding mechanisms invariably adapt or relate fresh data to information already present, to the point that what is coded may not be a direct representation of incoming stimuli. This is particularly apparent when input is relatively meaningless; the newly encoded memory comes to resemble those previously established (i.e., it accrues meaning). For example, a nonsense word such as LAJOR might be encoded as MAJOR.
To recall any nonsense word correctly requires that an appropriate decoding rule be a part of the memory; but coding rules are subject to forgetting (interference) in the same way that any attribute is. Qualitative changes in memory may result when the information presented does not allow precise decoding; thus, when one sees a drawing of a jagged figure that resembles a star he might encode it as a star, knowing full well that it is not perfect. Subsequent decoding in recall (or recognition) thus produces only an approximation of the original jagged figure; it may well be influenced by other equally imprecise decoding rules already stored. In like fashion, somewhat incoherent sentences may become more reasonable during encoding; they tend to be reproduced in memory tests more coherently. When the learner has trouble making sense of any new stimulus (when he cannot specify encoding and decoding rules with precision) the decoded memory tends to resemble previously established memories.

Although interference has attracted wide support as an account of forgetting, it must be placed in perspective. Interpretations that emphasize distinctions between short- and long-term memory and that posit control processes for handling information are potentially more comprehensive than is interference theory. Behavioral evidence for interference eventually may be explained within such systems.
In addition, a number of deductions from interference theory have not been well supported by experiment. The focus of difficulty lies in the hypothesis that interference from established memories is a major source of proactive inhibition. The laboratory subject is asked to learn tasks with attributes that have varying degrees of conflict with memories established in daily life. Theoretically, the more conflict, the greater the proactive interference to produce forgetting. Yet a number of experiments have failed to provide much support for this prediction.

Interference theory also fails to account for some pathological forms of forgetting. Repression as observed in psychiatric practice, for example, represents almost complete, highly selective forgetting, far beyond that anticipated by interference theorists. Attempts to study repression through laboratory procedures have failed to yield systematic data that could be used to test theoretical conclusions.

Correlates of rate of forgetting

Although forgetting normally is expected to begin as soon as practice ceases, at times an exception (known as reminiscence) has been reported. In reminiscence, memory seems to improve without practice; retention is even better if tested after a rest period than if tested immediately after learning trials stop. Observed only over periods of a few minutes, this elusive phenomenon produces very small improvements, and forgetting follows. Scores of studies designed to elicit reminiscence have failed to do so, yielding only evidence of forgetting. Reasons for the conflicting findings have not been identified.

Degree of learning

The degree of learning is found to be directly associated with the amount of practice. In a metaphoric sense, specific memory may be said to grow stronger and stronger as practice proceeds. Even after a task can be performed or recited perfectly, continued practice (sometimes called overlearning) increases the “strength” of the memory. The rate of forgetting is slower when the degree of learning is greater. If there were one universal prescription for resisting forgetting, it would be to learn to a very high level initially; results seem even better when learning trials are not bunched together. Practice trials may be given en masse in a single session or the same number of trials may be distributed in sessions held on different days. The interrupted schedule is far superior to massed practice in that the rate of forgetting that follows distributed practice is much slower. The laboratory evidence also confirms the belief that cramming for an examination may produce acceptable performance shortly afterwards, but that such massed study results in poor long-term retention. Information learned in widely distributed practice appears less susceptible to interference; memories established under distributed schedules also are less likely to produce proactive inhibition than are those learned in massed trials.
Mnemonic systems

The principle that new information is encoded to previously stored data has been used in an effort to aid memory function. When encoding techniques are formally applied, they are called mnemonic systems or devices. (The popular rhyme that begins “Thirty days hath September . . . ” is an example.) Verbal learning can be enhanced by providing an appropriate mnemonic system (even to a bright college student who may have devised efficient systems of his own). Thus, paired associates (e.g., DOG-CHAIR) will be learned more rapidly if they are included in a simple sentence (e.g., The dog jumped over the chair). Imagery that can relate different words to be learned (even in a bizarre fashion) has been found beneficial. Some investigators hold that pure rote learning (in which no use is made of established memories except to directly perceive the stimuli) is rare or nonexistent. They suggest that all learning elaborates on memories already available. This could be taken to mean that the rate of forgetting would be the same whether or not a formal mnemonic system were used in learning.

Indeed, there seem to be no experimental results in which formal mnemonic instruction has resulted in forgetting more rapidly than when such special training is not given. Yet, while there often is no difference in the rate of forgetting, a number of studies indicate slower forgetting following instruction in a mnemonic system. These discrepancies may mean that some mnemonic systems are more subject to interference than are others. Perhaps the methods used fail to adequately distinguish between learning and forgetting.

Factors that influence the rate of learning should be distinguished from those that affect the rate of forgetting. For example, nonsense syllables are learned more slowly than are an equal number of common words; if both are studied for the same length of time, the better learned common words will be forgotten more slowly. But this does not mean that rate of forgetting intrinsically differs for the two tasks. Degree of learning must be held constant before it may be judged whether there are differences in rate of forgetting. Rates of forgetting can be compared only if tasks are learned to an equivalent degree. Indeed, when degree of learning is experimentally controlled, different kinds of information are forgotten at about the same rate. Nonsense syllables are not forgotten more rapidly than are ordinary words. In general, factors that seem to produce wide differences in rate of learning show little (if any) effect on rate of forgetting. (Despite discrepant evidence, mnemonic systems may prove an exception.)

Individual differences

Experimental findings seem to contradict the common intuition that people inherently differ in the rate at which they forget. This intuitive belief appears largely to derive from definite, wide individual differences in rate of learning; some people do learn faster than others. Thus, given the same number of trials or identical time in which to study, people will vary widely in the level of learning they achieve. Individual differences in forgetting then can be predicted efficiently, merely on the basis of how well each person has learned. This powerfully indicates that ordinary estimates of one's rate of forgetting are spurious, being obscured by uncontrolled differences in learning ability. One's talent for learning seems to swamp efforts to assess his inherent tendency to forget. Under less ordinary circumstances, however (e.g., selective brain injury, stroke, neurotic amnesia), the degree of learning does seem to be almost completely irrelevant to the rate at which one forgets. An amnesia sufferer may forget his own name and still may be able to remember that Sofia is the capital of Bulgaria (see below Abnormalities of memory).

Adab Membaca Al Quran

2007-01-10T10:33:00.000+02:00

Assalamualaikum wbt...
hari ni patutnye ade consultation for tomorrow exam., microbiology. so, i woke up early. unfortunately, bile sampai kt department, takde sorang pun my classmate kat sane. kejam betui. tanya kt laborant, she said consultation at 3 o'clock. hehe...boleh gi surf net dulu....

Adab Membaca Al Quran

Al Qura'an sebagai Kitab Suci, Wahyu Ilahi, mempunyai adab-adab tersendiri bagi orang-orang yang membacanya. Adab-adab itu sudah diatur dengan sagnat baik, untuk penghormatan dan keagungan Al Quran; tiap-tiap orang harus berpedoman kepadanya dan mengerjakannya.

Imam Al Ghazali di dalam kitabnya Ihya Ulumuddin telah memperinci dengan sejelas-jelasnya bagaimana hendaknya adab-adab membaca Al Qur'an menjadi adab yang mengenal batin, dan adab yang mengenal lahir. Adab yang mengenal batin itu, diperinci lagi menjadi arti memahami asal kalimat, cara hati membesarkan kalimat Allah, menghadirkan hati dikala membaca sampai ke tingkat memperluas, memperhalus perasaan dan membersihkan jiwa. Dengan demikian, kandungan Al Quran yang dibaca dengan perantaraan lidah, dapat bersemi dalam jiwa dan meresap ke dalam hati sanubarinya. Kesemuanya ini adalah adab yang berhubungan dengan batin, yaitu dengan hati dan jiwa. Sebagai contoh, Imam Al Gazhali menjelaskan, bagaimana cara hati membesarkan kalimat Allah, yaitu bagi pembaca Al Qur'an ketika ia memulainya, maka terlebih dahulu ia harus menghadirkan dalam hatinya, betapa kebesaran Allah yang mempunyai kalimat-kalimat itu. Dia harus yakin dalam hatinya, bahwa yang dibacanya itu bukanlah kalam manusia, tetapi adalah kalam Allah Azza wa Jalla. Membesarkan kalam Allah itu, bukan saja dalam membacanya, tetapi juga dalam menjaga tulisan-tulisan Al Quran itu sendiri. Sebagaimana yang diriwayatkan, 'Ikrimah bin Abi Jahl, sangat gusar hatinya bila melihat lembaran-lembaran yang bertuliskan Al Quran berserak-serak seolah-olah tersia-sia, lalu ia memungutnya selembar demi selembar, sambil berkata:"Ini adalah kalam Tuhanku! Ini adalah kalam Tuhanku, membesarkan kalam Allah berarti membesarkan Allah."

Adapun mengenai adab lahir dalam membaca Al Quran, selain didapati di dalam kitab Ihya Ulumuddin, juga banyak terdapat di dalam kitab-kitab lainnya. Misalnya dalam kitab Al Itqan oleh Al Imam Jalaludin As Suyuthu, tantang adab membaca Al Quran itu diperincinya sampai menjadi beberapa bagian.

Diantara adab-adab membaca Al Quran, yang terpenting ialah:

1. Disunatkan membaca Al Quran sesudah berwudhu, dalam keadaan bersih, sebab yang dibaca adalah wahyu Allah.

2. Mengambil Al Quran hendaknya dengan tangan kanan; sebaiknya memegangnya dengan kedua belah tangan.

3. Disunatkan membaca Al Quran di tempat yang bersih, seperti di rumah, di surau, di mushalla dan di tempat-tempat lain yang dianggap bersih. Tapi yang paling utama ialah di mesjid.

4. Disunatkan membaca Al Quran menghadap ke Qiblat, membacanya dengan khusyu' dan tenang; sebaiknya dengan berpakaian yang pantas.

5. Ketika membaca Al Quran, mulut hendaknya bersih, tidak berisi makanan, sebaiknya sebelum membaca Al Quran mulut dan gigi dibersihkan terlebih dahulu.

6. Sebelum membaca Al Quran disunatkan membaca ta'awwudz, yang berbunyi: a'udzubillahi minasy syaithanirrajim. Sesudah itu barulah dibaca Bismillahirrahmanir rahim. Maksudnya, diminta lebih dahulu perlindungan Allah, supaya terjauh pengaruh tipu daya syaitan, sehingga hati dan fikiran tetap tenang di waktu membaca Al quran, dijauhi dari gangguan. Biasa juga orang yang sebelum atau sesudah membaca ta'awwudz itu, berdoa dengan maksud memohon kepada Alah supaya hatinya menjadi terang. Doa itu berbunyi sebagai berikut.

"Ya Allah bukakanlah kiranya kepada kami hikmat-Mu, dan taburkanlah kepada kami rahmat dan khazanah-Mu, ya Allah Yang Maha Pengasih lagi Maha Penyayang."

7. Disunatkan membaca Al Quran dengan tartil, yaitu dengan bacaan yang pelan-pelan dan tenang, sesuai dengan firman Allah dalam surat (73) Al Muzammil ayat 4:

".... Dan bacalah Al Quran itu dengan tartil".

Membaca dengan tartil itu lebih banyak memberi bekas dan mempengaruhi jiwa, serta serta lebihmendatangkan ketenangan batin dan rasa hormat kepada Al Quran.

Telah berkata Ibnu Abbas r. a.:" Aku lebih suka membaca surat Al Baqarah dan Ali Imran dengan tartil, daripada kubaca seluruh Al Quran dengan cara terburu-buru dan cepat-cepat."

8. Bagi orang yang sudah mengerti arti dan maksud ayat-ayat Al Quran, disunatkan membacanya dengan penuh perhatian dan pemikiran tentang ayat-ayat yang dibacanya itu dan maksudnya. Cara pembacaan seperti inilah yang dikehendaki, yaitu lidahnya bergerak membaca, hatinya turut memperhatikan dan memikirkan arti dan maksud yang terkandung dalam ayat-ayat yang dibacanya. Dengan demikian, ia akan sampai kepada hakikat yang sebenarnya, yaitu membaca Al Quran serta mendalami isi yang terkandung di dalamnya. Hal itu akan mendorongnya untuk mengamalkan isi Al Quran itu. Firman Allah dalam surat (4) An Nisaa ayat
82 berbunyi sebagai berikut:

"Apakah mereka tidak memperhatikan (isi) Al Quran?..."

Bila membaca Al Quran yang selalu disertai perhatian dan pemikiran arti dan maksudnya, maka dapat ditentukan ketentuan-ketentuan terhadap ayat-ayat yang dibacanya. Umpamanya: Bila bacaan sampai kepada ayat tasbih, maka dibacanya tasbih dan tahmid; Bila sampai pada ayat Doa dan Istighfar, lalu berdoa dan minta ampun; bila sampai pada ayat azab, lalau meminta perlindungan kepada Allah; bila sampai kepada ayat rahmat, llau meminta dan memohon rahmat dan begitu seterusnya. Caranya, boleh diucapkan dengan lisan atau cukup dalam hati saja. Diriwayatkan oleh Ahmad dan Abu Daud, dari Ibnu Abbas yang maksudnya sebagai berikut: "Sesungguhnya Rasulullah s. a. w. apabila membaca: "sabbihissma rabbikal a'la beliau lalu membaca subhanarobbiyal a'la . Diriwayatkan pula oleh Abu Daud, dan Wa-il binHijr yang maksudnya sebagai berikut:" Aku dengan Rasulullah membaca surat Al Fatihah , maka Rasulullah sesudah membaca walad dholliin lalu membaca aamin . Demikian juga disunatkan sujud, bila membaca ayat-ayat sajadah, dan sujud itu dinamakan sujud tilawah.

Ayat-ayat sajadah itu terdapat pada 15 tempat yaitu:

dalam surat Al-A'raaf ayat 206

dalam surat Ar-ra'd ayat 15

dalam surat An-Nahl ayat 50

dalam surat Bani Israil ayat 109

dalam surat Maryam ayat 58

dalam surat Al-Haji ayat 18 dan ayat 77

dalam surat Al Furqaan ayat 60

dalam surat Annaml ayat 26

dalam surat As-Sajdah ayat 15

dalam surat As-Shad ayat 24

dalam surat Haamim ayat 38

dalam surat An-Najm ayat 62

dalam surat Al-Insyiqaq ayat 21,

dan dalam surat Al-'Alaq ayat 19

9. Dalam membaca Al Quran itu, hendaknya benar-benar diresapkan arti dan maksudnya, lebih-lebih apabila smapai pada ayat-ayat yang menggambarkan nasib orang-orang yang berdosa, dan bagaimana hebatnya siksaan yang disediakan bagi mereka. Sehubungan dengan itu, menurut riwayat, para sahabat banyak yang mencucurkan air matanya di kala membaca dan mendengar ayat-ayat suci Al Quran yang menggambarkan betapa nasib yang akan diderita oleh orang-orang yang berdosa.

10. Disunatkan membaca Al Quran dengan suara yang bagus lagi merdu, sebab suara yang bagus dan merdu itu menambah keindahan islubnya Al Quran. Rasulullah s. a. w. telah bersabda:

"Kamu hiasilah Al Quran itu dengan suaramu yang merdu"

Diriwayatkan, bahwa pada suatu malam Rasulullah s. a. w. menunggu-nunggu istrinya, Sitti 'Aisyah r. a. yang kebetulan agak terlambat datangnya. Setelah ia datang, Rasulullah bertanya kepadanya:" Bagaimanakah keadaanmu?" Aisyah menjawab :"Aku terlambat datang, karena mendengarkan bacaan Al Quran seseorang yang sangat bagus lagimerdu suaranya. Belum pernah akumendengarkan suara sebagus itu." Maka Rasulullah terus berdiri dan pergi mendengarkan bacaan Al Quran yang dikatakan Aisyah itu. rasulullah kembali dan mengatakan kepada Aisyah:" Orang itu adalah Salim, budak sahaya Abi Huzaifah. Puji-pujian bagi Allah yang telah menjadikan orang yang suaranya merdu seperti Salim itu sebagai ummatku."

Oleh sebab itu, melagukan Al Quran dengan suara yang bagus, adalah disunatkan, asalkan tidak melanggar ketentuan-ketentuan dan tata cara membaca sebagaimana yang telah ditetapkan dalam ilmu qiraat dan tajwid, seperti menjaga madnya, harakatnya
(barisnya) idghamnya dan lain-lainnya. Di dalam kitab zawaidur raudhah, diterangkan bahwa melagukan Al Quran dengan cara bermain-main serta melanggar ketentuan-ketentuan seperti tersebut di atas itu, haramlah hukumnya; orang yang membacanya dianggap fasiq, juga orang yang mendengarkannya turut berdosa.

11. Sedapat-dapatnya membaca Al Quran janganlah diputuskan hanya karena hendak berbicara dengan orang lain. Hendaknya pembacaan diteruskan sampai ke batas yang telah ditentukan, barulah disudahi. Juga dilarang tertawa-tawa, bermain-main dan lain-lain yang semacam itu, ketika sedang membaca Al Quran. Sebab pekerjaan yang seperti itu tidak layak dilakukan sewaktu membaca Kitab Suci dan berarti tidak menghormati kesuciannya.

Itulah diantara adab-adab yang terpenting yang harus dijaga dan diperhatikan, sehingga dengan demikian kesucian Al Quran dapat terpelihara menurut arti yang sebenarnya.

SESUNGGUHNYA AGAMA ITU MUDAH

2007-01-06T16:51:00.000+02:00

Assalamualaikum.....

long time tak jengah blog ni...maafla kerana masa tak mengizinkan. maklumlah, student. Last week, is the dateline to settle missed classes, hand the assignments, settle postponed tests etc. and last week i also trapped in 'chaos', camne nak settle test internal med ni. susah betul. and not to forget, surgery. no wonder every students that i've met said that surgery is a very toutured subject. the last day to hand on the assignment was verty hectic for me. i've not sleep the night before to finish my last four assignments. i've got my butt numb after 10 hours sit on my hard chair!! (no joke). thank god that i've settled everything smoothly the next day. and i got my permission on sitting the examinations. Alhamdulillah..
luckily, i have a very supportive family, especially my dad. i love you dad!! my bros, i alway miss them. esspecially my little brothers. not to forget my nephews. and my aunties, grandma & grandpa, my friends (esp those with me in SMAR), and also my beloved teachers.

our topic this time is agama itu mudah....sabda Rasulullah SAW, dalam sebuah hadith yang mane saya tak ingat perawinye...'Permudahkan dan jangan disusahkan, berilah berita gembira jang menyedihkan'
article ni saya dapat dari sebuah web. harap2 dapat memberi manfaat kepada kite sume...InsyaAllah

Oleh Ummu Malik

Kerap kali manusia mengulang-ulang perkataan ini (yaitu ucapan "Sesungguhnya agama itu mudah"), akan tetapi (sebenarnya) mereka (tidak menginginkan) dengan ucapan itu, untuk tujuan memuji Islam, atau melunakkan hati (orang yang belum mengerti Islam) dan semisalnya. Yang diinginkan mereka adalah pembenaran terhadap perbuatan mereka yang menyelisihi syari'at. Bagi mereka kalimat itu adalah kalimat haq, namun yang diinginkan dengannya adalah sebuah kebatilan.

Ketika salah seorang diantara kita ingin memperbaiki perbuatan yang menyalahi syari'at, orang-orang yang menyalahi (syari'at itu) berhujjah dengan perkataan mereka : "Islam adalah agama yang mudah". Mereka berusaha mengambil keringanan yang sesuai dengan hawa nafsu mereka, dengan sangkaan bahwa mereka telah menegakkan hujjah bagi orang yang menasehati mereka agar mengikuti syariat yang sesuai dengan Al-Qur'an dan Sunnah.

Orang-orang yang menyelisihi syariat itu hendaknya mengetahui bahwa Islam adalah agama yang mudah. (Akan tetapi maknanya adalah) dengan mengikuti keringanan-keringanan yang diberikan Allah Jalla Jalaluhu dan RasulNya kepada kita.

Allah Jalla Jalaluhu dan RasulNya telah memberi keringanan bagi kita, ketika kita membutuhkan keringanan itu dan ketika adanya kesulitan dalam mengikuti (melaksanakan perintah) yang sebenarnya.

Asal dari ungkapan " Sesungguhnya agama itu mudah" adalah penggalan kalimat dari hadits Nabi Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam yang diriwayatkan Abu Hurairah dari Nabi Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam bersabda : "Artinya : Sesungguhnya agama itu mudah, dan sekali-kali tidaklah seseorang memperberat agama melainkan akan dikalahkan, dan (dalam beramal) hendaklah pertengahan (yaitu tidak melebihi dan tidak mengurangi), bergembiralah kalian, serta mohonlah pertolongan (didalam ketaatan kepada Allah) dengan amal-amal kalian pada waktu kalian bersemangat dan giat" Al-Hafidz Ibnu Hajar Al-Asqalani menerangkan ungkapan "Sesungguhnya agama itu mudah" dalam kitabnya yang tiada banding (yang bernama) : Fathul Baariy Syarh Shahih Al-Bukhari 1/116. Beliau berkata : "Islam itu adalah agama yang mudah, atau dinamakan agama itu mudah sebagai ungkapan lebih (mudah) dibanding dengan agama-agama sebelumnya. Karena Allah Jalla Jalaluhu mengangkat dari umat ini beban (syariat) yang dipikulkan kepada umat-umat sebelumnya. Contoh yang paling jelas tentang hal ini adalah (dalam masalah taubat), taubatnya umat terdahulu adalah dengan membunuh diri mereka sendiri. Sedangkan taubatnya umat ini adalah dengan meninggalkan (perbuatan dosa) dan berazam (berkemauan kuat) untuk tidak mengulangi.

Kalau kita melihat hadits ini secara teliti, dan melihat kalimat sesudah ungkapan "agama itu mudah", kita dapati Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam memberi petunjuk kepada kita bahwa seorang muslim berkewajiban untuk tidak berlebih-lebihan dalam perkara ibadahnya, sehingga (karena berlebih-lebihan) ia akan melampui batas dalam agama, dengan membuat perkara bid'ah yang tidak ada asalnya dalam agama.

Sebagaimana keadaan tiga orang yang ingin membuat perkara baru (dalam agama). Salah seorang di antara mereka berkata : "Saya tidak akan menikahi perempuan", yang lain berkata : "Saya akan berpuasa sepanjang tahun dan tidak berbuka", yang ketiga berkata : "Saya akan shalat malam semalam suntuk". Maka Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam melarang mereka dari hal itu semua, dan memberi pengarahan kepada mereka agar membaguskan amal mereka semampunya, dan hendaknya dalam mendekatkan diri kepada Allah Jalla Jalaluhu, (beribadah) dengan ibadah yang telah diwajibkan Allah Jalla Jalaluhu kepada mereka.

Dan hendaknya mereka tidak membuat-buat perkara yang tidak ada asalnya dalam agama ini, karena mereka sekali-kali tidak akan mampu (mengamalkannya), (sebagaimana hadits Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam) " Maka sekali-kali tidaklah seseorang memperberat agama melainkan akan dikalahkan".

Maka ungkapan "Agama itu mudah" maknanya adalah : "Bahwa agama yang Allah Jalla Jalaluhu turunkan ini semuanya mudah dalam hukum-hukum, syariat-syariatnya". Dan kalaulah perkara (agama) diserahkan kepada manusia untuk membuatnya, niscaya seorangpun tidak akan mampu beribadah kepada Allah Jalla Jalaluhu.

Maka jika orang-orang yang menyelisihi syariat tidak mendapatkan "kekhususan" (tidak mendapat celah sebagai pembenaran atas perbuatan mereka) dengan hadits diatas, mereka akan lari kepada hadits-hadits lain, yang dengannya mereka berhujjah bagi perbuatan mereka yang menggampang-gampangkan dalam perkara agama.

Diantara hadits-hadits yang mereka jadikan alasan dalam masalah ini, adalah sabda Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam. "Artinya : Sesungguhnya Allah menyukai keringanan-keringanannya diambil sebagaimana Dia membenci kemaksiatannya didatangi/dikerjakan" Dalam riwayat lain. "Artinya : Sebagaimana Allah menyukai kewajiban-kewajibannya didatangi" Hadits lain adalah sabda nabi : "Artinya : Mudahkanlah, janganlah mempersulit dan membikin manusia lari (dari kebenaran) dan saling membantulah (dalam melaksanakan tugas) dan jangan berselisih" [Hadits Riwayat Bukhari dan Muslim] Hadits yang ketiga. "Artinya : Mudahkanlah, janganlah mempersulit, dan berikanlah kabar gembira dan janganlah membikin manusia lari (dari kebenaran)". Adapun hadits yang pertama, wajib bagi kita untuk mengetahui bahwa keringanan-keringanan dalam agama Islam banyak sekali, diantaranya : berbukanya musafir ketika bepergian, orang yang tertinggal dalam shalat boleh mengqadha (mengganti), orang yang tertidur atau lupa boleh mengqadha shalat, orang yang tidak mendapatkan binatang sembelihan dalam haji tamattu boleh berpuasa, tayamum sebagai ganti wudhu ketika tidak ada air atau ketika tidak mampu untuk berwudhu ... dan lainnya diantara keringanan yang banyak tidak diamalkan kecuali jika terdapat kesulitan dalam melaksanakan perintah yang sebenarnya.

Dan perlu kita perhatikan, bahwa keringanan-keringanan ini adalah syari'at Allah Jalla Jalaluhu dan sunnah Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam (dengan izin Allah Jalla Jalaluhu). Dan tidak diperbolehkan seorang muslim manapun, untuk mendatangkan
(mengada-ada) keringanan (dalam masalah agama) tanpa dalil, karena hal ini adalah termasuk mengadakan perkara baru dalam agama yang tidak berdasar.

Dan perhatikanlah wahai saudaraku sesama muslim (surat Al-Baqarah ayat 185), yang menceritakan tentang puasa dan keringanan berbuka bagi orang yang sakit atau bepergian, lalu firman Allah Jalla Jalaluhu sesudah ayat itu. "Artinya : Allah menghendaki kemudahan bagimu, dan tidak menghendaki kesukaran bagimu" [Al-Baqarah : 185] Makna ini menerangkan makna mudah (menurut Allah Jalla Jalaluhu), yang maknanya adalah keringanan itu datangnya dari sisi Allah saja, tiada sekutu bagiNya. Atau (keringanan itu) dari syariat Rasulullah Shallallahju 'alaihi wa sallam dengan wahyu dari Allah Jalla Jalaluhu. Ayat ini juga menerangkan bahwa makna mudah itu dengan mengikuti hukum Allah Jalla Jalaluhu (yang tiada sekutu bagiNya) dan mengikuti syariatNya. Inilah yang bekenaan dengan hadits yang pertama tadi.

Adapun hadits yang kedua dan tiga, maka pengambilan dalil yang dilakukan oleh orang-orang yang mengikuti hawa nafsu serta menyelisihi syariat (dengan kedua hadits itu) adalah batil, dan termasuk merubah sabda Nabi Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam dari makna yang sebenarnya, dan keluar dari makna yang dimaksud.

Tafsir kedua hadits yang lalu berhubungan dengan para da'i yang menyeru kepada agama Islam. Dalam kedua hadits itu Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam memantapkan kaidah penting dari kaidah-kaidah dasar dakwah kepada Allah Jalla Jalaluhu, yaitu berdakwah dengan lemah lembut dan tidak kasar. Maka dakwah para dai yang sepatutnya disampaikan pertama kali kepada orang-orang kafir adalah Syahadat, lalu Shalat, Puasa , Zakat. Kemudian (hendaknya) mereka menjelaskan kepada manusia tentang sunnah Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam, lalu menerangkan amal perbuatan yang wajib, yang sunnah dan yang makruh. Jika melihat suatu kesalahan yang disebabkan karena kebodohan atau lupa, maka hendaklah bersabar dan mendakwahi manusia dengan penuh kasih sayang dan kelembutan serta tidak kasar. Allah Jalla Jalaluhu berfirman. "Artinya : Maka disebabkan rahmat dari Allah-lah kamu berlaku lemah lembut terhadap mereka. Sekiranya kamu bersikap keras lagi berhati kasar, tentulah mereka menjauhkan diri dari sekelilingmu" [Ali Imran : 159] Sesudah memahami hadits-hadits itu, dan penjelasan makna keringanan dan kemudahan. Maka saya berkata kepada orang-orang yang merubah dan mengganti makna-makna hadits-hadits tersebut (karena ingin mengenyangkan hawa nafsu mereka dengan perbuatan itu) :

"Bertaqwalah kepada Allah Jalla Jalaluhu dan ikutilah apa yang diperintahkan kepada kalian, dan jauhilah laranganNya, dan tahanlah (diri kalian) dari merubah sunnah Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam, dan takutilah suatu hari yang kalian dikembalikan kepada Allah Jalla Jalaluhu lalu setiap jiwa akan disempurnakan dengan apa yang ia usahakan. Dan takutlah kalian jangan sampai diharamkan dari mendatangi telaga Nabi Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam lantaran kalian mengganti agama Allah Jalla Jalaluhu dan merubah sunnah Rasulullah Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam".

Saya mengharapkan dari Allah Jalla Jalaluhu yang Maha Hidup dan Maha Berdiri sendiri agar memberi petunjuk kepada kita dan kaum muslimin seluruhnya untuk mengikuti Al-Qur'an dan Sunnah NabiNya, dan agar Allah Jalla Jalaluhu mengajarkan kepada kita ilmu yang bermanfaat, dan memberi manfaat dari apa yang Dia ajarkan, serta memelihara kita dari kejahatan perbuatan bid'ah dan penyelewengan, serta kejahatan mengubah dan mengganti (syariat Allah).

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Disalin dari Majalah : Al Ashalah edisi 15-16 hal 33-35, diterjemahkan oleh Majalah Adz-Dzkhiirah Al-Islamiyah Edisi : Th. I/No.
03/Dzulhijjah 1423/Februari 2003, hal 5 -6. Terbitan Ma'had Ali Al-Irsyad Surabaya

http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=24617147&postID=116809595271064243

welcome back...

2006-09-18T20:53:00.000+03:00

wa...lame betul tak update blog ni. busy manjang. banyak betul kawan2 yg mengakhiri zaman bujang kebelakangan ni. kepada ali csmu, tahniah semoga jodoh berkekalan hendaknya. kepada kawan2 di smar..amar, fairos alias, aminuddin...nanti kawin hangpa jgn lupe invite aku.eloklah cepat2 akhiri zaman bujang korang. zul sendiri pun jealous ni. kena tunggu abis blaja baru boleh kahwin. wah, parah tu nak menunggu. tua la jawabnye....anyway, mcm biasa ade keratan dari harakahdaily pasal article kahwin...sudi2 la bace yek

Pernikahan paling diberkati yang paling sedikit mas kahwinnya
Mon | Sep 11, 06 | 01:13:19 PM
Oleh LanH
Dalam artikel lalu, antara lain, penulis menyatakan: "Kata ustaz itu, antara calon isteri yang baik ialah yang murah mas kahwinnya. Hal ini termasuklah wang hantarannya, tidaklah terlalu mengada-ngada seperti orang sekarang, hendakkan RM11,111.11 atau RM22,222.22 atau RM33,333.33 atau RM44,444.44. Hidup biarlah berpada-pada, janganlah nak riak, nak menunjuk-nunjuk. Semuanya akan membawa kehancuran. Sia-sia saja amal perbuatan sedangkan kita hendakkan keredaan Allah SWT. "

Apa yang ditulis pada keluaran lalu, benar-benar berlaku sekarang ini. Sebagai seorang Muslim dan bapa kepada beberapa orang anak remaja yang akan berkahwin suatu masa nanti, eloklah penulis menyentuh hal ini supaya masyarakat Islam dapat bersama-sama membanteras gaya hidup baru yang tidak Islamik ini.

Kebetulan kelas pengajian kuliah Subuh yang penulis ikuti di masjid sekarang ini membiacara soal nikah. Ustaz terbabit tidak terlepas daripada memberitahu jemaah bahawa perkahwinan dengan hantaran wang sebegitu banyak bukan daripada ajaran Islam.

Beliau memberitahu dua sebab mengapa amalan berkenaan mesti ditentang selain daripada membazir dan menunjuk-nunjuk. Pertamanya ia dikhuatiri akan menjadi contoh kepada masyarakat dan yang kedua perkahwinan gah begini akan mengecilkan hati orang miskin dan tidak mampu.

Jika orang berada dan berpangkat berbangga dan menghebahkan seluruh negara akan hantaran dan pemberian hadiah yang sebegitu besar, dikhuatiri ia akan menjadi panduan masyarakat. Tidak menghairankan jika bakal keluarga pengantin perempuan akan menuntut wang hantaran sekurang-kurangnya RM10,000, RM15,000 dan RM20,000.

Ada akan jadi dengan masyarakat jika keadaan ini berlaku? Mampukah anak-anak muda yang baru bekerja atau keluar dari universiti menyediakan jumlah wang sebegini besar sedangkan keinginan mereka untuk kahwin sudah memuncak.

Seorang anak muda lulusan universiti (untuk ijazah pertama) ketika mula bekerja sudah berusia 23 tahun. Gaji permulaannya mungkin RM1,300 sebulan. Ditolak dengan bayaran pinjaman pendidikan, pinjaman kereta, sewa bilik, pemberian kepada keluarga dan pelbagai perbelanjaan lain, mungkin dia dapat menyimpan RM200 sebulan.

Jika dihitung setahun, dia baru mampu mengumpul RM2,400. Kalau 10 tahun menghimpun, dia baru mengumpulkan RM24,000. Ketika itu pun umurnya sudah terlajak ke 33 tahun.

Bagi kebanyakan anak muda, pada usia 25-30 tahun, mereka sudah 'gatal' untuk kahwin. Tapi wang tiada. Disebabkan oleh 'segolongan manusia' yang gila glamour dan sebagainya, ibu bapa 'buah hati' mereka akan tetapkan wang hantaran melampau seperti RM10,000, RM20,000 atau RM30,000. Cuba bayangkan bagaimana anak muda kita hendak 'cekau' duit sebegitu banyak bagi membolehkan mereka kahwin?

Bukankah ini akan menimbulkan masalah besar dalam masyarakat. Bukankah akan berlaku fitnah paling hebat dalam masyarakat? Anak-anak muda yang kemaruk untuk kahwin tetapi tidak dapat kahwin akan menerbitkan rangkaian masalah yang bukan saja menjejaskan masyarakat tetapi juga negara, bangsa dan agama.

Ustaz itu bertanya betapa banyak bakal pengantin dan keluarga pengantin cuba mendalami pengajian agama. Katanya, tidak ramai sebab kebanyakan manusia hari ini mengejar dunia dan segala perhiasannya. Jika mereka tahu ilmu agama tidaklah mereka berbuat seperti hari ini. Rasulullah s.a.w. bersabda yang maksudnya: "Sebesar-besar berkat penikahan ialah yang sedikit mas kahwinnya."

Apa sebenarnya yang sedang berlaku kepada masyarakat kita? Nampaknya, masyarakat sedang menuju ke arah fitnah terbesar sedangkan sebahagian besar anggotanya tidak menyedarinya. Mereka yang mengaku beragama Islam tidak lagi hidup berpandukan ajaran Rasul tetapi mengikut hawa nafsu yang berdasarkan logik akal masing-masing.

Dalam bab perkahwinan ini pun, orang Islam tidak mengikut contoh yang ditunjukkan Rasulullah s.a.w. tetapi membiarkan diri mereka terjerumus ke dalam lembah yang ditunjuki oleh orang Yahudi dan Nasara.

Misalnya, dalam bab berpakaian, orang Islam yang berkahwin pun mengikut telunjuk Yahudi dan Nasara. Sedangkan sudah jelas dinyatakan salah satu perkara yang membezakan antara orang Islam dengan orang Islam ialah dari segi berpakaian.

Jika pengantin wanita Islam memakai pakaian yang mendedahkan tubuh badan mereka, apakah yang membezakan antara diri mereka dengan orang bukan Islam? Jika mereka memakai gaun menunjukkan sebahagian buah dada atau telanjang belakang (bare back), apa bezanya mereka dengan orang bukan Islam.

Jika Allah SWT mengancam menghumbankan si kufur ke lembah azabnya, apakah jaminan untuk orang Islam yang hidup mengikut telunjuk Yahudi dan Nasara tidak sama dicampakkan ke sana.

Alangkah peliknya sesetengah anggota masyarakat kita hari ini. Ramai daripada kita hidup bagai 'sumpah-sumpah' yang boleh bertukar 'color' (warna). Jika nikah di masjid, boleh pakai tudung litup, majlis bersanding boleh pakai gaun dedah sana dedah sini. Jika khatam Quran, begitu manis bersopan bertudung litup tetapi pada majlis jamuan, tudung ke mana, pakaian seksi juga jadi kebanggaan.

Yang dibimbangi, golongan ini akan menjadi ikutan, 'set trend' dalam masyarakat. Akan timbullah kata-kata seperti, 'si dia tu boleh buat begitu, kenapa kita tidak boleh?' 'Si dia tu, boleh bikin pelamin dalam masjid, kenapa kita tidak boleh?' 'Anak dia dapat hantaran RM22,222.22, kenapa anak kita tidak boleh dapat RM33,333.33 kerana anak dia lulus SPM saja sedangkan anak kita lulusan universiti luar negara?'

Ustaz kuliah Subuh itu cukup bimbang, perkembangan hal ehwal kahwin di negara kita sedang menuju apa yang berlaku di sesetengah negara Arab. Katanya, di negara berkenaan, adalah sukar seorang bujang berkahwin kerana tuntutan keluarga pengantin perempuan terlalu banyak dan tinggi. Misalnya, menyediakan rumah, kereta dan pembantu rumah.

Mampukah si bujang menyediakan kemewahan ini sedangkan mereka 'baru nak kenal hidup'. Ramailah anak bujang Arab, jadi bujang terlajak. Ramai yang kahwin warga asing dan tak kurang juga yang hanyut di kota-kota maksiat seperti Bangkok, London dan Paris.

Jadi kepada mereka yang prihatin kepada kesucian Islam, marilah sama-sama membanteras amalan kurang sihat yang mula menular dalam masyarakat kini. Tidak kiralah sama ada anda ustaz, jurutera, tukang masak, pekedai, atau orang kaya raya atau berpangkat, marilah bersama-sama kita melawan golongan yang hidup tidak berpandukan agama ini.

Antara langkahnya boleh dimulai dengan keluarga sendiri. Janganlah kita mengada-ngada meletakkan hantaran anak-anak kita RM1/2 juta, RM222,222.22, RM77,777.77 atau RM22,222.22. Ingatlah pernikahan paling diberkati adalah yang paling sedikit mas kahwinnya seperti disabdakan oleh junjungan besar kita.

Artikel Kepilan

Masyarakat Melayu perlu hentikan segera sifat boros, membazir

Teras Pengupayaan Melayu (Teras) sekali lagi menggesa masyarakat Melayu supaya menghentikan segera sifat boros dan membazir serta memberikan keutamaan kepada perkara yang lebih bermanfaat.

Akhbar tempatan sebelum ini mendedahkan berita perkahwinan yang menelan belanja berjuta-juta ringgit dan terbaru sebuah lagi perkahwinan yang mendapat liputan utama akhbar tempatan turut menelan belanja berjuta ringgit.

Perkahwinan sememangnya satu perkara yang baik bahkan dituntut oleh agama Islam sendiri tetapi apa yang dipersoalkan di sini ialah kenapa berita ini yang digembar-gemburkan oleh media serta menjadi lebih penting daripada berita yang lain sehingga mendapat liputan muka depan.

Apakah tidak ada lagi isu-isu lain yang lebih penting daripadanya sedangkan masih banyak isu-isu lain yang perlu diutamakan.

Teras kesal dengan apa yang digembar-gemburkan oleh akhbar-akhbar tempatan kita yang begitu mengutamakan berita perkahwinan ini memandangkan ia menggambarkan kepada umum bahawa masyarakat Melayu lebih mengutamakan budaya pembaziran, kemegahan, hiburan dan turut memalukan bangsa.

Apa yang dilakukan oleh seseorang itu adalah haknya tetapi tidakkah kita merasa prihatin, sensitif dan peka dengan isu lain yang lebih penting untuk diutamakan seperti nasib kanak-kanak, wanita dan orang tua yang menjadi mangsa perang terbaru di Lebanon, Afghanistan, Iraq, Chechnya, dan Palestin.

Saban hari media elektronik dan cetak mendedahkan nasib penduduk di pedalaman Baling, Padang Terap, Sik, dan tempat-tempat lain lagi yang memerlukan pembelaan tetapi malangnya ada segelintir yang sanggup berhabisan berjuta ringgit untuk perkara lain sedangkan ada lagi perkara penting yang perlu diutamakan.

Teras memandang berat perkara ini kerana masyarakat Melayu perlu meletakkan Islam sebagai landasan bertindak untuk membawa perubahan ke arah sebuah masyarakat Melayu yang menterjemah seluruh ajaran Islam secara kaffah dalam kehidupan sam ada secara menyentuh persoalan hal ehwal peribadi, berkeluarga, bermasyarakat, berorganisasi dan bernegara.

Sehubungan itu, Teras mengharapkan masyarakat Melayu Islam menghentikan segera tabiat boros, membazir dalam perbelanjaan, dalam majlis perkahwinan, lebih mengutamakan simpanan untuk masa depan pendidikan anak-anak dan mengelakkan kemewahan hidup yang melampau.

Mengadakan majlis perkahwinan yang mewah adalah satu pembaziran, malah melanggar ia sudah melanggar syarak kerana ia sudah menjadi satu yang riak, takbur, membazir dan melampau serta memberikan mesej yang salah kepada masyarakat dan mewujudkan kelas dalam masyarakat.

Mohd Azmi Abdul Abdul Hamid
Presiden Teras Pengupayaan Melayu

Wallahu a'lam

friendship

2006-03-26T21:48:00.000+03:00

Assalamualaikum wbt....
friendship...our live joyfull because of friendship. true friend is friend indeed. they share happiness, sad, glory, victory, down, etc. imagine live without friends. isn't it dumb?? friends are people who understand your heart, be there when needed, protect you, cheer you, support you, calm you. do you can rely on your friends?? some people got so many friends, but none of them are trustable. you are lucky if you have not so many friend and they all can support you in happy and sad time. pious gave us so many advices in order to choose friend. below i attached the words of Imam Shafie Rahimullahu Alaih (translation in malay language). russian proverb state that (ДРУЖБА....до гробовой доски!!)friendship to the death(if literally translated it will be like this 'friendship till the coffin's plank), english poverb also stated that friend in need is friend indeed. there are sometimes that our true friend became our enemy. sometime, friend stab their comrade from behind. such betrayal is unforgivable. so, be carefull with people who you friend with!!

with the groupmates...209mk. the real international group

with groupmates liu yan (prc, left) and theodorus (right, greece)

with my best friend vilor and his cousin, erol (in the middle)

Nasihat Imam Syafie Untuk Mencari Ssahabat

> TEMAN ketawa memang mudah dicari, tetapi teman menangis tiada siapa yang sudi. Memang benar sukar mencari erti persahabatan sejati. Hanya mereka yang benar-benar bersahabat dengan hati tulus dan ikhlas dapat mencari erti persahabatan tulen. Dalam hal ini, Imam al-Syafie ada memberikan nasihat dalam soal persahabatan. Aku mencintai sahabatku dengan segenap jiwa ragaku, seakan-akan aku mencintai sanak saudaraku. Sahabat yang baik adalah yang sering sejalan denganku dan yang menjaga nama baikku ketika aku hidup atau selepas aku mati. Aku selalu berharap mendapatkan sahabat sejati yang tidak luntur baik dalam keadaan suka atau duka. Jika itu aku dapatkan, aku berjanji akan selalu setia padanya. Kuhulurkan tangan kepada sahabatku untuk berkenalan kerana aku akan berasa senang. Semakin ramai aku peroleh sahabat, aku semakin percayadiri. Mencari sahabat pada waktu susah. Belum pernah kutemukan di dunia ini seorang sahabat yang setia dalam duka. Pada hal hidupku sentiasa berputar-putar antara suka dan duka. Jika suka melanda, aku sering bertanya: "Siapakah yang sudi menjadi sahabatku?"

Pada waktu aku senang, sudah biasa ramai yang akan iri hati, namun apabila giliran aku susah mereka pun bertepuk tangan. Pasang surut persahabatan. Aku dapat bergaul secara bebas dengan orang lain ketika nasibku sedang baik. Namun, ketika musibah menimpaku,kudapatkan mereka tidak ubahnya roda zaman yang tidak mahu bersahabat dengan keadaan. Jika aku menjauhkan diri daripada mereka, mereka mencemuh dan jika aku sakit, tidak seorang pun yang menjengukku. Jika hidupku berlumur kebahagiaan, banyak orang iri hati, jika hidupku berselimut derita mereka bersorak sorai.Mengasingkan diri lebih baik daripada bergaul dengan orang jahat. Apabila tidak ketemu sahabat yang takwa, lebih baik aku hidup menyendiri daripada aku harus bergaul dengan orang jahat.

the magnificent CRimEA.......

2006-03-25T19:34:00.000+02:00

1- 'Kara Dag' the golden gate in Black Sea
2- The Crimea State Medical University Symbol...isn't it great??
3- Khan Palace in Bachchisaray - former tatar sultan's authorities symbol which remains untill this day
4- steppe mountain (picture in koktebel, crimea)
5- Ai-Petri Hill...tousist attraction in Yalta
6- Black Sea
7- Balaklava (near sevastopol)
8- spring view from Crimean mountains
9- Sevastopol Fleet...The Russian Marine Fleet in Ukraine...it's the biggest Naval Port in the world